Simultaneous Bromate and Nitrate Reduction in Water Using Sulfur‐Utilizing Autotrophic and Mixotrophic Denitrification Processes in a Fixed Bed Column Reactor

Demirel, Sevgi; Uyanik, Ibrahim; Yurtsever, Adem; Çelikten, Hakan; Uçar, Deniz

doi:10.1002/clen.201300475

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…To overcome these problems, bioreactors utilizing inorganic electron donors such as H2 [15], iron [16] or elemental sulfur [17][18][19] have been proposed. In sulfur based denitrification process, elemental sulfur serves as the inorganic electron donor (Eq.2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterotrophic–autotrophic sequential system for reductive nitrate and perchlorate removal

Uçar

Çokgör

Şahinkaya

2015

Environmental Technology

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Nitrate and perchlorate were identified as significant water contaminants all over the world. This study aims at evaluating the performances of the heterotrophic-autotrophic sequential denitrification process for reductive nitrate and perchlorate removal from drinking water. The reduced nitrate concentration in the heterotrophic reactor increased with increasing methanol concentrations and the remaining nitrate/nitrite was further removed in the following autotrophic denitrifying process. The performances of the sequential process were studied under varying nitrate loads of [Formula: see text] at a fixed hydraulic retention time of 2 h. The C/N ratio in the heterotrophic reactor varied between 1.24 and 2.77 throughout the study. Nitrate and perchlorate reduced completely with maximum initial concentrations of [Formula: see text] and 1000 µg/L, respectively. The maximum denitrification rate for the heterotrophic reactor was [Formula: see text] when the bioreactor was fed with [Formula: see text] and 277 mg/L methanol. For the autotrophic reactor, the highest denitrification rate was [Formula: see text] in the first period when the heterotrophic reactor performance was low. Perchlorate reduction was initiated in the heterotrophic reactor, but completed in the following autotrophic process. Effluent sulphate concentration was below the drinking water standard level of 250 mg/L and pH was in the neutral level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterotrophic–autotrophic sequential system for reductive nitrate and perchlorate removal

Uçar

Çokgör

Şahinkaya

2015

Environmental Technology

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“…where S0 is the influent concentration of bromate. Table 3, the bromate reduction rate in RBER was greater than the rates that obtained in previous studies [19,44,45]. A higher removal rate of 116 μg/L•h was achieved by using anaerobic column reactor which used ethanol as electron donor [15], with a slightly higher rate of 120.5 μg/L•h observed by using MBfR while hydrogen supplying from out of reactor [39].…”

Section: Long-term Testmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…By contrast, autotrophic denitrification does not require organic supplementation, in which some inorganic compounds act as electron donor instead of organic substrates. The elemental sulfur (S 0 ) and sulfide have been reported to be used as the electron donor for the reduction of bromate and/or nitrate in sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification due to its low cost and availability [18,19], but it need some extra steps to remove the reaction residues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete bromate and nitrate reduction using hydrogen as the sole electron donor in a rotating biofilm-electrode reactor

Zhong

Yang

et al. 2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Simultaneous reduction of bromate and nitrate was investigated using a rotating biofilm-electrode reactor (RBER) with graphite carbon (GC) rods as anode and activated carbon fiber (ACF) bonded with steel ring as cathode. In RBER, the community of denitrifying bacteria immobilized on the cathode surface could completely utilize hydrogen (H2) as the electron donor, which was internally produced by the electrolysis of water. The short-term test confirmed that the RBER system could reduce 150-800μg/L bromate to below 10μg/L under autotrophic conditions. The reduced bromate was considered to be roughly equivalent to the amount of bromide in effluent, indicating that bromate was completely reduced to bromide without accumulation of by-products. The long-term test (over 120 days) showed that the removal fluxes of bromate and nitrate could be improved by increasing the electric current and decreasing the hydraulic retention time (HRT). But nitrite in effluent was significantly accumulated when the electric current was beyond 10mA and the HRT was less than 6h. The maximum bromate reduction rate estimated by the Monod equation was 109.12μg/Lh when the electric current was 10mA and HRT was 12h. It was proposed that the electron transfer process in RBER produced H2 on the surface of the ACF cathode, and the microbial cultures attached closely on the cathode which could completely utilize H2 as electron donors for reduction of bromate and nitrate.

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“…Because of the fast reaction rate, the most common method for detoxification of these oxyanions is biological reduction, which eliminates the need for expensive catalysts or chemicals. Biological reduction of nitrate and CIO 4 − can be achieved using organic or inorganic electron sources . For heterotrophic processes, acetate, lactate, pyruvate, casamino acids, fumarate, succinate, methanol and ethanol are the common carbon and electron sources .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biological reduction of nitrate and CIO 4 − can be achieved using organic 9,10 or inorganic electron sources. 11 -13 For heterotrophic processes, acetate, lactate, pyruvate, casamino acids, fumarate, succinate, methanol and ethanol are the common carbon and electron sources. 14 Reduction of nitrate in the presence of methanol is shown in Reaction 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous nitrate and perchlorate reduction using sulfur-based autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrifying processes

Uçar

Çokgör

Şahinkaya

2015

J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol.

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BACKGROUND This study aims at comparing the performances of sulfur‐based autotrophic and methanol‐based heterotrophic denitrification processes for simultaneous removal of perchlorate and nitrate. Influent nitrate concentration was kept at 25 mg L−1 NO3−‐N throughout the study and perchlorate concentration was varied between 50 and 1000 µg L−1. RESULTS The heterotrophic process reduced nitrate and perchlorate completely in all tested conditions (i.e. various nitrate and perchlorate loadings). As for the autotrophic process, although high perchlorate removals were attained, perchlorate was always detected in the effluent with varying concentrations from 21.88–85 µg L−1 depending on the perchlorate and nitrate loadings. Perchlorate was reduced from 1000 µg L−1 to 53 ± 21.36 µg L−1, corresponding to around 95% reduction in the autotrophic process at HRT of 2 h. The presence of perchlorate did not adversely affect the denitrification performance of autotrophic and heterotrophic processes under the conditions studied. The presence of nitrate inhibited autotrophic perchlorate reduction and prevented complete perchlorate reduction. CONCLUSION An autotrophic process may be preferred over a heterotrophic one due to the elimination of organic supplementation and the risk of effluent contamination with organic substrate, but further polishing steps may also be required. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry

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Simultaneous Bromate and Nitrate Reduction in Water Using Sulfur‐Utilizing Autotrophic and Mixotrophic Denitrification Processes in a Fixed Bed Column Reactor

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Heterotrophic–autotrophic sequential system for reductive nitrate and perchlorate removal

Heterotrophic–autotrophic sequential system for reductive nitrate and perchlorate removal

Complete bromate and nitrate reduction using hydrogen as the sole electron donor in a rotating biofilm-electrode reactor

Simultaneous nitrate and perchlorate reduction using sulfur-based autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrifying processes

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