Simultaneous analysis of haloperidol, its three metabolites and two other butyrophenone‐type neuroleptics by high performance liquid chromatography with dual ultraviolet detection

Abstract

We investigated simultaneous determination of haloperidol (HAL), its three metabolites [reduced HAL (R-HAL), 3-(4-fluorobenzoyl)propionic acid (FBPA) and 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine (CPHP)] and two related compounds [spiperone (SPI) and droperidol (DRO)] in phosphate-buffered saline using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with dual ultraviolet detection (220 and 250 nm). Retention times of HAL, R-HAL, FBPA, CPHP, SPI and DRO were 16.8, 11.8, 10.2, 4.1, 12.6 and 8.3 min, respectively. Their lower limits of detection were 7.5, 14, 4.5, 12, 10 and 20 ng/mL in the same order. The coefficients of variation for their intra- and inter-day assays were less than 7.8 and 9.4%, respectively. Of the other centrally acting drugs, only amoxapine interfered with the peak of DRO. Using our procedure, the binding study of tested compounds to synthetic melanin, human serum albumin and alpha1-acid glycoprotein was performed by determining the unbound concentration to total concentration ratio. These results indicated that simultaneous assay of HAL, R-HAL, FBPA, CPHP, SPI and DRO in phosphate-buffered saline by HPLC equipped with dual ultraviolet detection is simple, sensitive and reproducible. Also, our assay system can be applied to the binding study of these compounds to synthetic melanin, human serum albumin and alpha1-acid glycoprotein.

Screening and quantification of antipsychotic drugs in human brain tissue by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: Application to postmortem diagnostics of forensic interest

“…Although many of the studied compounds have weakly actives metabolites [24][25][26][27], these were not included in the current study considering that their appearance in brain samples of suicide cases would be of little forensic relevance. In these cases, as discussed below, high concentrations of the parent drug are the determining factors when drawing conclusions.…”

A reliable and rapid tool for plasma quantification of 18 psychotropic drugs by ESI tandem mass spectrometry

“…Recent studies have demonstrated that there are significantly different responses among individuals on exposure to a particular drug [2,3] due to pharmaco-kinetic [3] and pharmaco-dynamic variations.…”

Simultaneous determination of five antipsychotic drugs in rat plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection

“…So, for a broad and complete determination it is advantageous for the laboratory to have methods as described here that may be used for more than a single compound. At present, determination of some of these drugs has been established by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection [2,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], HPLC with coulometric detection [22,23] or fluorescence detection [24,25]. Although electrochemical detection [26][27][28][29][30] offers enhanced sensitivity in the low ng/ml range, electrochemical detectors require optimal working conditions, sample preparation is critical and interference from co-medications is often unavoidable.…”