Simultaneous analysis of haloacetonitriles, haloacetamides and halonitromethanes in chlorinated waters by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Carter, Rhys A.A.; Liew, Deborah; West, Nigel; Heitz, Anna; Joll, Cynthia

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.069

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It was found that ascorbic acid reduced BDCNM, DBCNM, TBNM, and TBAN to undetectable concentrations within hours of contact in quenched chlorinated and chloraminated waters. This is consistent with previous studies showing similar results on a smaller subset of compounds. ,,, Further DBP formation was within ±30% of initial concentration between 24 and 48 h for both chlorine quenched with ammonium chloride and chloramine samples not quenched. Several compounds degraded, including iodoacetamide (IAM), which degraded by 30% in 24 h and by 36% in 48 h in chlorinated water quenched with ammonium chloride.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This is consistent with previous studies showing similar results on a smaller subset of compounds. 12,15,26,37 Further DBP formation was within ±30% of initial concentration between 24 and 48 h for both chlorine quenched with ammonium chloride and chloramine samples not quenched. Several compounds degraded, including iodoacetamide (IAM), which degraded by 30% in 24 h and by 36% in 48 h in chlorinated water 1 and 2.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…LOQs were based on spiked replicates with an average percent accuracy and percent RSD of ±30%. When comparing to previously established methods (Table S1), ,,,, this method includes significantly more unregulated DBPs than any other method and has the lowest detection limits available. By conducting multiple extractions and a preconcentration step, the extraction recovery and detection limits are significantly improved regardless of possible losses to volatility.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two extraction procedures, liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE), were evaluated due to their widespread use and availability. Previous methods have used LLE for a subset of these compounds, usually with only one extraction step. ,,− To improve sensitivity and lower detection limits, optimization with multiple extractions, along with a preconcentration step, significantly improved detection limits. This method includes the most comprehensive list of priority DBPs combined into one cohesive method at the lowest possible limits of quantification (LOQs) currently reported (Tables , , and S1 in the Supporting Information, SI).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Trace Analysis of 61 Emerging Br-, Cl-, and I-DBPs: New Methods to Achieve Part-Per-Trillion Quantification in Drinking Water

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are a ubiquitous source of chemical exposure in drinking water and have been associated with serious health impacts in human epidemiologic studies. While toxicology studies have pinpointed DBPs with the greatest toxic potency, analytical methods have been lacking for quantifying complete classes of most toxic DBPs at sufficiently low quantification limits (ng/L). This new method reports the parts-per-trillion quantification for 61 toxicologically significant DBPs from 7 different chemical classes, including unregulated iodinated haloacetic acids (HAAs) and trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetaldehydes, haloketones, haloacetonitriles, halonitromethanes, and haloacetamides, in addition to regulated HAAs and THMs. The final optimized method uses salt-assisted liquid–liquid extraction in a single extraction method for a wide range of DBPs, producing the lowest method detection limits to-date for many compounds, including highly toxic iodinated, brominated, and nitrogen-containing DBPs. Extracts were divided for the analysis of the HAAs (including iodinated HAAs) by diazomethane derivatization and analysis using a GC-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with multiple reaction monitoring, resulting in higher signal-to-noise ratios, greater selectivity, and improved detection of these compounds. The remaining DBPs were analyzed using a GC-single quadrupole mass spectrometer with selected ion monitoring, utilizing a multimode inlet allowed for lower injection temperatures to allow the analysis of thermally labile DBPs. Finally, the use of a specialty-phase GC column (Restek Rtx-200) significantly improved peak shapes, which improved separations and lowered detection limits. Method detection limits for most DBPs were between 15 and 100 ng/L, and relative standard deviations in tap water samples were mostly between 0.2 and 30%. DBP concentrations in real samples ranged from 40 to 17 760 ng/L for this study.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Trace Analysis of 61 Emerging Br-, Cl-, and I-DBPs: New Methods to Achieve Part-Per-Trillion Quantification in Drinking Water

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The conventional method for HANs and HNMs determination is the US EPA Method 551, which is based on LLE and GC-ECD (Munch and Hautman, 1995;Liew et al, 2012;Huang et al, 2013) and, most recently LLE and GC-MS with a programmable temperature injector for the analysis of 25 N-DBPs (HAAs, HNMs, and HANs) in drinking water (Carter et al, 2019). Another method widely used for the determination of these compounds is extraction by SPME and the analysis by GC-ECD and/or GC-MS (Montesinos and Gallego, 2012a;Luo et al, 2014;Kermani et al, 2013), as well as single-drop microextraction (SDME) in the static headspace mode followed by GC-MS for the determination of HNMs (Montesinos et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%