Simulation Study of the Formation of Corrosive Gases in Coal Combustion in an Entrained Flow Reactor

Bohnstein, Maximilian von; Yıldız, Çoşkun; Frigge, Lorenz; Ströhle, Jochen; Epple, Bernd

doi:10.3390/en13174523

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The coal combustion process was simulated under conditions of fuel-richness, which would result in incomplete combustion of the coal. To account for such conditions, the gasification and oxidation reactions of coke needed to be considered, as well as the pyrolysis model of sulphur and nitrogen components [7,15] and relevant gas-phase reaction models [16,17].…”

Section: Simulation Methodology 21 Coal Combustion Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The numerical simulation results showed that, as the coal combustion process progressed, the H 2 S released during the devolatilisation process was rapidly oxidised and regenerated under reducing conditions. Under fuel-rich conditions, SO 2 reacts in the gas phase to form SO and H 2 S. Maximilian Von Bohnstein et al [7] used ANSYS Fluent software to simulate the process of coal combustion, incorporating gas-phase reaction mechanisms related to sulphides and chlorides to predict the generation of corrosive sulphides and chlorides, with a focus on observing the formation and evolution of SO 2 , H 2 S, COS, and HCl during coal combustion. The model can predict the evolution of corrosive sulphides and chlorides in coal-fired boilers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling the Mechanism of Sulphur Evolution in the Coal Combustion Process: The Effect of Sulphur–Nitrogen Interactions and Excess Air Coefficients

Jiang

Yang

2023

Processes

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The efficient use of coal resources and the safe operation of coal-fired boilers are hindered by high-temperature corrosion caused by corrosive sulphur components. To predict the impact of sulphur–nitrogen interactions on sulphur’s evolution and its mechanism of action, a conventional sulphur component evolution model (uS–N) and an improved sulphur component evolution model (S–N) that considers sulphur–nitrogen interactions were proposed in the present study. The models were built using OpenFOAM–v8 software for the coal combustion process, and the generation of SO2, H2S, COS, and CS2 was simulated and analysed under different air excess coefficients. The simulations were conducted to analyse the patterns of SO2, H2S, COS, and CS2 generation at different air excess factors. The results show that, compared with the uS–N condition, the simulated values of coal combustion products (SO2, H2S, COS, and CS2) under the S–N condition were closer to the experimental values, and the errors of different sulphur components at the furnace exit were all less than 5%. As such, the S–N model can more accurately predict the evolution of sulphur components. In the simulation range, when the air excess factor increased from 0.7 to 0.9, the production rate of SO2 increased, while the production rates of corrosive sulphur components H2S, COS, and CS2 decreased significantly by 41.3%, 34.8%, and 53.8%, respectively. Further, the mechanism of the effect of sulphur–nitrogen interactions on the generation rates of different components was revealed at different air excess coefficients. Here, the effect of sulphur–nitrogen interactions on SO2 and COS was found to be more significant at smaller air excess coefficients, and the effect of sulphur–nitrogen interactions on H2S and CS2 was more significant at larger air excess coefficients. The present study can provide a theoretical basis for predicting the evolution of sulphur components during coal combustion and improving the high-temperature corrosion problems caused by such a process.

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Section: Simulation Methodology 21 Coal Combustion Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the Mechanism of Sulphur Evolution in the Coal Combustion Process: The Effect of Sulphur–Nitrogen Interactions and Excess Air Coefficients

Jiang

Yang

2023

Processes

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“…The analyses of the composition of the gas boundary layer and that of the wall tube deposits have shown that the corrosion process is mainly due to combustion with air deficiency, i.e., with the occurrence of reducing zones and the presence of hydrogen sulfide [32]. The corrosion wastage of the tubes is compounded by the presence of sodium and potassium.…”

Section: The Problem Of the Fire-side Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Diagnostic Methods for Fire-Side Corrosion Risk Assessment of Industrial Scale Boilers, Burning Low Quality Solid Biofuels—A Mini Review

Hardy

Arora²,

Pawlak-Kruczek

et al. 2021

Energies

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The use of low-emission combustion technologies in power boilers has contributed to a significant increase in the rate of high-temperature corrosion in boilers and increased risk of failure. The use of low quality biomass and waste, caused by the current policies pressing on the decarbonization of the energy generation sector, might exacerbate this problem. Additionally, all of the effects of the valorization techniques on the inorganic fraction of the solid fuel have become an additional uncertainty. As a result, fast and reliable corrosion diagnostic techniques are slowly becoming a necessity to maintain the security of the energy supply for the power grid. Non-destructive testing methods (NDT) are helpful in detecting these threats. The most important NDT methods, which can be used to assess the degree of corrosion of boiler tubes, detection of the tubes’ surface roughness and the internal structural defects, have been presented in the paper. The idea of the use of optical techniques in the initial diagnosis of boiler evaporators’ surface conditions has also been presented.

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“…13,22,23 HCl which is released at low temperatures can be recovered by reactions with metals in the fuel. 13,23,24 Some investigations show that potassium chloride (KCl) is the main species of chlorine in biomass. 13 In deposits, KCl can promote corrosion in power plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sodium or potassium chloride is the major inorganic form of chlorine in biomass . Investigations demonstrate that the release of chlorine occurs from the organic and inorganic components of the fuel. ,, HCl which is released at low temperatures can be recovered by reactions with metals in the fuel. ,, Some investigations show that potassium chloride (KCl) is the main species of chlorine in biomass . In deposits, KCl can promote corrosion in power plants. − The preference of chlorine and potassium binding in the solid and gas phase is shown by thermodynamic calculations. , The interaction of sulfur and chlorine is demonstrated by experimental and simulative studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollutant Formation under Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere of Torrefied Poplar in an Entrained Flow Reactor

Yildiz,

Richter,

Ströhle

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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The release behavior of sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), and nitrogen (N) compounds contained in torrefied poplar (TP) is investigated using an entrained flow reactor. Due to the binding forms of S, Cl, and N in biomass and the high volatile content, pollutants are released during the first stage of combustion, devolatilization. Detailed knowledge of this process is essential for understanding the release and formation of pollutants. In this study, the release is investigated in a nitrogen (N 2 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) atmosphere to investigate the influence of a CO 2 -rich environment on pollutant release. The experiments are carried out at three different temperatures (T = 900, 1000 and 1100 °C). The results show that the atmosphere and temperature have a significant influence on the formation of pollutants. Corrosive gases can be expected at low temperatures and corrosive deposits can be expected at high temperatures in both atmospheres. An increasing temperature reduces the formation of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and carbonyl sulfide (COS) at a residence time of 0.5 s in both atmospheres. In N 2 atmosphere, no SO 2 and COS are detected at the temperature of 1100 °C. However, both corrosive species can be expected at 1100 °C in CO 2 atmosphere. A decreasing formation of hydrogen chloride (HCl) with increasing temperature is observed in both atmospheres and residence times (0.22 and 0.5 s). In CO 2 atmosphere, less HCl is formed at temperatures of 900 and 1000 °C as in N 2 atmosphere. The nitrogen contained in the fuel is predominantly released as hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and nitric oxide (NO). A high temperature favors the formation of HCN in a N 2 atmosphere. The NO formation decreases with increasing temperature. Comparatively less HCN and NO are formed in a CO 2 atmosphere. The nitrous oxide (N 2 O) concentration decreases with increasing temperature at a residence time of 0.5 s in a CO 2 atmosphere, while the N 2 O concentration increases in a N 2 atmosphere. In the CO 2 atmosphere, a lower overall formation of nitrogen species is observed.

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Simulation Study of the Formation of Corrosive Gases in Coal Combustion in an Entrained Flow Reactor

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Modelling the Mechanism of Sulphur Evolution in the Coal Combustion Process: The Effect of Sulphur–Nitrogen Interactions and Excess Air Coefficients

Modelling the Mechanism of Sulphur Evolution in the Coal Combustion Process: The Effect of Sulphur–Nitrogen Interactions and Excess Air Coefficients

Non-Destructive Diagnostic Methods for Fire-Side Corrosion Risk Assessment of Industrial Scale Boilers, Burning Low Quality Solid Biofuels—A Mini Review

Pollutant Formation under Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere of Torrefied Poplar in an Entrained Flow Reactor

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