Simulation of the scattering properties of a chain-forming triangular prism oceanic diatom

Sun, Bingqiang; Kattawar, George W.; Yang, Ping; Twardowski, Michael; Sullivan, James

doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.02.035

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Placed in this context, our results can prove to be significant as this phenomenon can have several consequences of note to phytoplankton ecology, ocean optics, and acoustics. For example, preferential alignment can change the ambient optical field by modifying scattering cross‐sections (Marcos et al ), and recently published results on radiative transfer modeling for different diatom chain orientations clearly indicate that particles perpendicular to a light source receive more light than randomly oriented ones (Sun et al ). This suggests morphologies favoring large aspect ratios, e.g., forming chains of cells, could be an ecological strategy to enhance light harvesting in oceanic phytoplankton.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for ubiquitous preferential particle orientation in representative oceanic shear flows

Nayak

McFarland

Sullivan

et al. 2017

Limnology & Oceanography

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In situ measurements were undertaken to characterize particle fields in undisturbed oceanic environments. Simultaneous, co‐located depth profiles of particle fields and flow characteristics were recorded using a submersible holographic imaging system and an acoustic Doppler velocimeter, under different flow conditions and varying particle concentration loads, typical of those found in coastal oceans and lakes. Nearly one million particles with major axis lengths ranging from ∼14 μm to 11.6 mm, representing diverse shapes, sizes, and aspect ratios were characterized as part of this study. The particle field consisted of marine snow, detrital matter, and phytoplankton, including colonial diatoms, which sometimes formed “thin layers” of high particle abundance. Clear evidence of preferential alignment of particles was seen at all sampling stations, where the orientation probability density function (PDF) peaked at near horizontal angles and coincided with regions of low velocity shear and weak turbulent dissipation rates. Furthermore, PDF values increased with increasing particle aspect ratios, in excellent agreement with models of spheroidal particle motion in simple shear flows. To the best of our knowledge, although preferential particle orientation in the ocean has been reported in two prior cases, our findings represent the first comprehensive field study examining this phenomenon. Evidence of nonrandom particle alignment in aquatic systems has significant consequences to aquatic optics theory and remote sensing, where perfectly random particle orientation and thus isotropic symmetry in optical parameters is assumed. Ecologically, chain‐forming phytoplankton may have evolved to form large aspect ratio chains as a strategy to optimize light harvesting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for ubiquitous preferential particle orientation in representative oceanic shear flows

Nayak

McFarland

Sullivan

et al. 2017

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…The extreme stability of the IITM has been validated by applying the IITM to particles with large sizes, extreme aspect ratios, or asymmetric particles [52,53]. For instance, the IITM were used to compute the light scattering of oceanic particles, such as Emiliania huxleyi coccoliths and coccolithophores by Bi and Yang [54], and diatoms by Sun et al [11].…”

Section: Semi-analytical T-matrix Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optical properties of an individual or bulked phytoplankton are essential to study phytoplankton populations (e.g., [66]). As mentioned in Section 3, dinoflagellates, diatoms, and coccolithophores have been simulated using the DDA and IITM [11,[41][42][43]54]. Dinoflagellates have a large group of species so we take them as an example to describe the application of a scattering method.…”

Section: Dinoflagellate Simulation Using Addamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, even the simplest biological cell has a membrane and plasma contained within the membrane. Previous studies have shown that accounting for the cell structure can better simulate the optical properties of various phytoplankton species, particularly the scattering at large scattering angles [5,[7][8][9][10][11]. Advanced light scattering methods have been developed to deal with complex shape and structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Brief Review of Mueller Matrix Calculations Associated with Oceanic Particles

et al. 2018

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The complete Stokes vector contains much more information than the radiance of light for the remote sensing of the ocean. Unlike the conventional radiance-only radiative transfer simulations, a full Mueller matrix-Stokes vector treatment provides a rigorous and correct approach for solving the transfer of radiation in a scattering medium, such as the atmosphere-ocean system. In fact, radiative transfer simulation without considering the polarization state always gives incorrect results and the extent of the errors induced depends on a particular application being considered. However, the rigorous approach that fully takes the polarization state into account requires the knowledge of the complete single-scattering properties of oceanic particles with various sizes, morphologies, and refractive indices. For most oceanic particles, the comparisons between simulations and observations have demonstrated that the “equivalent-spherical” approximation is inadequate. We will therefore briefly summarize the advantages and disadvantages of a number of light scattering methods for non-spherical particles. Furthermore, examples for canonical cases with specifically oriented particles and randomly oriented particles will be illustrated.

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“…The conventional geometric optics method (CGOM) uses an enormous number of rays to trace the electromagnetic near field using Snell's law and the Fresnel Formulas but ignores the mapping process from the near field to the far field [30,31]. The ray-by-ray integral (RBRI) method not only uses the ray-tracing technique to compute the electromagnetic near field but also accurately maps the near field to the far field via the following volume-integral equation [32][33][34] where the superscript 's' indicates the scattered electric field and 0 k is equal to 2π / λ with λ being the incident wavelength. Other notations are explained in Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical-geometric optics method for large size faceted particles

et al. 2017

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A new physical-geometric optics method is developed to compute the single-scattering properties of faceted particles. It incorporates a general absorption vector to accurately account for inhomogeneous wave effects, and subsequently yields the relevant analytical formulas effective and computationally efficient for absorptive scattering particles. A bundle of rays incident on a certain facet can be traced as a single beam. For a beam incident on multiple facets, a systematic beam-splitting technique based on computer graphics is used to split the original beam into several sub-beams so that each sub-beam is incident only on an individual facet. The new beam-splitting technique significantly reduces the computational burden. The present physical-geometric optics method can be generalized to arbitrary faceted particles with either convex or concave shapes and with a homogeneous or an inhomogeneous (e.g., a particle with a core) composition. The single-scattering properties of irregular convex homogeneous and inhomogeneous hexahedra are simulated and compared to their counterparts from two other methods including a numerically rigorous method.

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Simulation of the scattering properties of a chain-forming triangular prism oceanic diatom

Cited by 22 publications

References 52 publications

Evidence for ubiquitous preferential particle orientation in representative oceanic shear flows

Evidence for ubiquitous preferential particle orientation in representative oceanic shear flows

A Brief Review of Mueller Matrix Calculations Associated with Oceanic Particles

Physical-geometric optics method for large size faceted particles

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