Simulation of the capillary flow of an autonomic healing agent in discrete cracks in cementitious materials

Gardner, Diane Ruth; Jefferson, Tony; Hoffman, Andrea; Lark, Robert John

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.01.005

Cited by 51 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…On the other hand, short setting time may induce insufficient dispersion of the healing agent within the cracks, leaving unreacted cyanoacrylate in capsules. However, Lark et al suggested that the left cyanoacrylate could remain liquid state for more than a week, and might attribute to a tertiary healing effect, which was also confirmed by Gardner et al Compared with other healing agents, the great bonding strength between cured cyanoacrylate and the crack surfaces can prevent new crack formations during reloading, and the curing process can be accelerated by the alkaline environmental condition …”

Section: Encapsulation‐based Self‐healing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The healing agents employed by encapsulation‐based self‐healing concrete are summarized in Table , which are mainly divided into two categories: (a) single component healing agents; and (b) multicomponents healing agents. As for multicomponents healing agents, premature chemical reactions between the accelerators and healing agents before flowing into cracks may be the main restriction for the engineering applications …”

Section: Encapsulation‐based Self‐healing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Li et al reported that the self‐healing effectiveness of cyanoacrylate was measured by the elastic modulus regaining of ECC reinforced beams in repeat loading, but the thickness of healed cracks were limited to 50 μm. Although when the moisture and oxygen were available, the low viscosity of healing agent facilitated the rapid curing process (in seconds), the width of crack healing ability was confined to less than 100 μm, due to the required capillary suction forces . On the other hand, short setting time may induce insufficient dispersion of the healing agent within the cracks, leaving unreacted cyanoacrylate in capsules.…”

Section: Encapsulation‐based Self‐healing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The internal diameter of tubes ranges from 0.8 to 4 mm. Technically, internal diameter of tube determines the capillary forces, which pushes the healing agents out of the capsules . However, Tittelboom et al revealed that there are no significant differences when the internal diameter of glass tube varies from 2 to 3 mm.…”

Section: Different Encapsulation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review study on encapsulation‐based self‐healing for cementitious materials

Xue

et al. 2018

Structural Concrete

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Inspired by the self-repair polymeric materials, most of healing agents in encapsulation-based self-healing concrete are FIGURE 1 Self-healing schematic concept for cementitious materials 10 : (a) crack forming; (b) healing agent releasing; (c) polymerization with catalysts FIGURE 2 Configuration of encapsulation-based self-healing concrete 61 : (a) crack breaking capsule; (b) healing agent filling; (c) healing agent curing XUE ET AL.

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Section: Encapsulation‐based Self‐healing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Encapsulation‐based Self‐healing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Encapsulation‐based Self‐healing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Different Encapsulation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A review study on encapsulation‐based self‐healing for cementitious materials

Xue

et al. 2018

Structural Concrete

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show abstract

“…To overcome such problems and reduce the maintenance cost of the structure, the technique of self-healing concrete is promising as it initiates the healing or repair of cracks within a concrete mass without any human efforts. [3][4][5] Gilford (2012) [2] has mentioned that a self-healed concrete can be defined as a concrete that possesses self-healing agents, which automatically heal the cracks in concrete structures. The carbonate producing microbes are used to heal the cracks in concrete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Healing of Cracks in Concrete Using Bacillus Strains Encapsulated in Sodium Alginate Beads

et al. 2020

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This research focused on the self‐healing of micro‐cracks in concrete by using different Bacillus strains. The encapsulation of strains in sodium alginate was protected with the bacterial mass, which prevented them from leaching. A viability test was performed to check the viability of bacteria in the highly alkaline environment. The encapsulated bacterial mix having 2–3% of total volume of concrete cubes was effective without compromising compressive strength. The calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation was observed under urease activity. The SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) revealed the direct involvement of ureolytic bacteria in CaCO3 precipitation. A 16% increase in compressive strength in concrete and significant healing was achieved with Bacillus Subtilis. However, with Bacillus Anthracis, only 6% increase in the concrete strength was achieved. Moreover, the Bacillus Pasteurii did not give effective results. Bacillus Subtilis provided better results than the other strains. The bacterial culture in sodium alginate beads within 2–3% was optimum for compressive strength and self‐healing of cracks.

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Research Progress on Numerical Models for Self‐Healing Cementitious Materials

Jefferson

Javierre

Freeman

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Inter

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In this paper, research progress on numerical models for self‐healing cementitious materials (SHCMs) is discussed. Models developed specifically for SHCMs, as well as other relevant work, are considered. A summary of current self‐healing (SH) techniques is provided along with descriptions of the processes that govern their behavior. Models for mechanical self‐healing, transport processes in materials with embedded healing systems, fully coupled models, and other modeling techniques used to simulate SH behavior are discussed. The mechanics models discussed include those based on continuum–damage–healing mechanics (CDHM), micromechanics, as well as models that use discrete elements and particle methods. A considerable section is devoted to the simulation of carbonation in concrete since the essential mechanisms that govern this process are applicable to SH systems that employ calcite as a healing material. A number of transport models for simulating early‐age self‐healing are also considered. This highlights the fact that there are currently very few papers that describe fully coupled models, although a number of approaches that couple some aspects of transport and mechanical healing behavior are discussed. This article closes with a discussion that highlights the fact that many models are presented with limited or no experimental validation.

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Simulation of the capillary flow of an autonomic healing agent in discrete cracks in cementitious materials

Cited by 51 publications

References 18 publications

A review study on encapsulation‐based self‐healing for cementitious materials

A review study on encapsulation‐based self‐healing for cementitious materials

Self‐Healing of Cracks in Concrete Using Bacillus Strains Encapsulated in Sodium Alginate Beads

Research Progress on Numerical Models for Self‐Healing Cementitious Materials

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