Simulation of spray distribution with boom sprayer considering effect of wind for agricultural cloud computing analysis

Fujimoto, Atsuru; Satow, Tadatoshi; Kishimoto, Tadashi

doi:10.1016/j.eaef.2016.04.001

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…On the other hand, the agricultural structure can also be defined from a macro perspective as the proportion of agricultural output value relative to the GDP. It is widely recognised that an effective agricultural structure should coincide with factor endowment, market maturity, scientific research level, and agricultural production technology [23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Regional Disparity of Agricultural Development: A Distribution Dynamics Approach

Cheong

Huang

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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Many scholars have argued that the increased disparity in agricultural development among countries is the crux of the regional inequality problem and exerts adverse effects on individuals’ well-being. This study thus aims to examine the distribution dynamics of global agricultural development. Specifically, it examines whether the disparity in agricultural development among countries vanishes over time and whether convergence can be achieved. On that account, a new distribution dynamics analysis method based on the stochastic kernel approach is employed at the country level. The proposed model can address the inadequacies of traditional econometric modelling methods and visualisation tools in the distribution dynamics literature. The research outcomes are as follows. Firstly, the global agricultural income disparity is primarily due to the Global South countries’ low productivity level, which lowers the world average, indicating that these countries need more fiscal and financial aid from Global North countries to boost their agricultural sector productivity levels. Secondly, regarding income division, upper-middle-income countries have been above the average output levels, indicating the invalidity of the middle-income trap for these countries’ agricultural sectors. This finding suggests that increased investment in agricultural productivity can overcome the middle-income trap. Thirdly, from a geographical perspective, Europe, Central Asia, and North America have a technological edge in the agricultural sector. In contrast, East Asia and Pacific countries have the potential to boost agricultural sector productivity. As a result, this study helps policymakers to design better schemes to improve the development of agriculture for each group and country type to improve the development of agriculture for each group and country type.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Regional Disparity of Agricultural Development: A Distribution Dynamics Approach

Cheong

Huang

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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“…Several studies analyzed the motion of sprayed droplets, in which this process is described considering different operative conditions [45][46][47][48]. For example, the motion of the droplets has been studied considering zero as their initial speed, or with an initial speed higher than zero [49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Drift of Spray Droplets Dipped in Airflows with Different Directions

et al. 2020

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The European Directive concerning pesticide sustainable use establishes regulations to reduce the environmental drift throughout treatments to agricultural crops, particularly in nearby sensitive areas, such as water bodies, natural reserves and urban areas. The drift represents the fraction of mixture delivered by the sprayer that is not caught by the crop, and is the clearest cause of environmental pollution. Anti-drift nozzles are usually employed, and buffer zones are also maintained along the edges of the sprayed field to reduce drift production. The aim of this work was the theoretical study of the motion of the spray droplets delivered by a nozzle, dipped in downwards and/or lateral forced air flows. A mathematical model has been developed, consisting of a system of 2nd order differential equations, to simulate the motion of water droplets of different diameters within simultaneous different directions of air flow. The graphs, obtained by means of the numerical solution of the model, allow us to analyze the level of the droplets’ drift, according to their diameter and to the speed of the lateral and the downward air flows, respectively. A lateral airflow at a speed of 5 m · s − 1 produced a drift in its direction until 1.70 m for droplets from 100 to 500 μm in diameter. For larger drops, the impact of the downward airflow is not very significant. The results obtained by the numerical solution of the mathematical model have been compared with the results of experimental tests carried out to evaluate the drift of spray produced by different nozzles.

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“…Aim of the study the aim of our study was to develop a modelling framework to estimate resident's exposure to pesticides from spraying applications. We focused on pesticide application using a boom sprayer since this is the most used technique in the netherlands, in europe and worldwide at large-scale farms (Fujimoto et al 2016). In our framework, here forth named oBomod, independent models are used to describe the processes in the causal chain of spraying, droplet drift during application, volatilization of deposited pesticides from vegetation and soil during and after spraying, gas and aerosol dispersion, exchange of pesticides between outdoor and indoor air and sorption of pesticides to house dust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measured and modelled environmental exposure of residents to pesticides

Figueiredo¹

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Most people, if not all, will be exposed at least once in their life-time to a certain level of pesticide(s). For non-occupationally exposed groups, a great portion of this exposure can be attributed to dietary intake and the remaining to environmental exposure. In the Netherlands, the application of pesticides on agricultural fields has raised concerns from residents living close to these. In order to understand if a certain disease is related to an exposure to any given chemical, we first need to identify the exposed vs non-exposed population and also understand the levels, duration and frequency of exposure. The aim of my thesis is on investigating residents’ environmental exposure to pesticides by studying drivers of this exposure as well as temporal and spatial variability in different pesticides concentration. Chapter 2 details the methodology used to study residential exposure to pesticides and a list of (practical) lessons learned. Chapter 3 described the spatial and temporal variation of 46 different pesticide concentrations in air outside and inside homes. Here, we saw that most pesticide concentrations were 5–10 times higher in outdoor air during the spraying period when comparing with the non-spraying period. Concentrations were overall higher closer to the fields (<250 m) then further away. Environmental exposure to pesticides via air may occur year-round. Chapter 4 focused on the indoor dust matrix. House dust that was collected from vacuuming floors (VFD) and from newly placed clean doormats (DDM). Pesticides were found in indoor dust of all homes included in our study and we found that people living close to fields were exposed year-round to pesticides in house dust. Chapter 5 studied personal exposure in the residential setting. Handwipes and urine samples were collected in parallel. Concentrations in hand wipes were overall higher during the spraying period when compared to the non-spraying period and higher in farmer families compared to non-farmer families. Chapters 6 developed a deterministic model framework (OBOmod) to assess exposure of residents living near fields. This framework describes levels in the environment from the moment pesticides are sprayed until they end up in the air and house dust. The model evaluation shows that, for most model outputs, the framework can be used in support of i) health and epidemiological studies, and ii) regulations and policy making. Chapters 7 reviewed the findings from each chapter and discussed on new evidence, comparison with previous works and future research paths. My recommendation for further improving residential exposure assessment to pesticides can be summarized in four points: 1) Perform research in areas where sideways or upward spraying techniques are used; 2) Focus more on pesticide levels in house dust, as it can be especially important in exposure of more vulnerable populations, like toddlers; 3) Improve the modelling framework, by means of more verification and making it accessible to all; 4) Studies on mixtures in relation to possible adverse health effects are needed. Particularly, for pesticides with the same mode of action and frequently detected in our samples.

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Simulation of spray distribution with boom sprayer considering effect of wind for agricultural cloud computing analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Examining the Regional Disparity of Agricultural Development: A Distribution Dynamics Approach

Examining the Regional Disparity of Agricultural Development: A Distribution Dynamics Approach

A Study on the Drift of Spray Droplets Dipped in Airflows with Different Directions

Measured and modelled environmental exposure of residents to pesticides

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