Simulation of Shake Table Tests on Out-of-Plane Masonry Buildings. Part (VI): Discrete Element Approach

Cannizzaro, Francesco; Lourenço, Paulo B.

doi:10.1080/15583058.2016.1238973

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This paper reports a numerical investigation on the seismic behavior of 2 URM structures which were experimentally tested by means of shaking table tests to investigate their out‐of‐plane capacity against seismic excitations. A primary numerical prediction of the seismic performance of these structures was conducted and reported by Mendes et al The out‐of‐plane response of these structures was further investigated by means of analytical procedures based on rigid‐body mechanism, and different numerical models based on the FEM, DEM, combined FEM‐DEM, and macroelement method . A summary of these investigations was presented by de Felice et al The present work corresponds to an extension of the investigation conducted by Cannizzaro and Lourenço, in which a preliminary study of these 2 structures was presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Assessment of the dynamic response of unreinforced masonry structures using a macroelement modeling approach

Chácara

Cannizzaro

Pantò

et al. 2018

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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Summary The seismic performance of unreinforced masonry structures is strongly associated with the interaction between in‐plane and out‐of‐plane mechanisms. The seismic response of these structures has been thoroughly investigated by means of experimental testing, analytical procedures, and computational approaches. Within the framework of the numerical simulations, models based on the finite element method provide a good prediction of the seismic performance of unreinforced masonry structures. However, they usually require a high computational cost and advanced user expertise to define appropriate mechanical properties and to interpret the numerical results. Because of these limitations, simplified models for practical applications have been developed during the last decades. Despite this, a great number of these models focus mostly on the evaluation of the in‐plane response, assuming box (or integral) behavior of the structure. In this paper, a simplified macroelement modeling approach is used to simulate the seismic response of 2 masonry prototypes taking into consideration the combined in‐plane and out‐of‐plane action. The numerical investigations were performed in the static and dynamic fields by using pushover analyses and nonlinear dynamic analyses respectively. The latter is a novel implementation of a model previously developed for static analysis. The results obtained from this study are in good agreement with those provided by a detailed nonlinear continuum FE approach, demonstrating the applicability of this macroelement model with a significant reduction of the computational cost.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Assessment of the dynamic response of unreinforced masonry structures using a macroelement modeling approach

Chácara

Cannizzaro

Pantò

et al. 2018

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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“…Numerical and experimental validations of the proposed approach, with reference to full-scale structures can be found in [23,24]. More recently this approach was also extended to the dynamic context [25].…”

Section: The Modelling Of Historical Masonry Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Modelling of Curved Masonry Structures after Seismic Retrofit through FRP Reinforcing

et al. 2017

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Abstract:A reliable numerical evaluation of the nonlinear behaviour of historical masonry structures, before and after a seismic retrofitting, is a fundamental issue in the design of the structural retrofitting. Many strengthening techniques have been introduced aimed at improving the structural performance of existing structures that, if properly designed and applied, provide an effective contribution to the preservation of their cultural value. Among these strategies, the use of fabric-reinforced polymeric (FRP) materials on masonry surface is being widely adopted for practical engineering purposes. The application of strips or 2D grid composite layers is a low invasive and easy to apply retrofitting strategy, that is able to improve both the in-plane and the out of plane behaviour of masonry elements also in the presence of complex geometries thanks to their flexibility. For this reason, these techniques are frequently employed for reinforcing masonry curved elements, such as arches and vaults. In this paper, taking advantage of an existing general framework based on a discrete element approach previously introduced by the authors, a discrete element conceived for modelling the interaction between masonry and FRP reinforcement is applied to different curved masonry vaults typologies. This model, already used for evaluating the nonlinear behaviour of masonry arches, is here employed for the first time to evaluate the effectiveness of FRP reinforcements on double curvature elements. After a theoretical description of the proposed strategy, two applications relative to an arch and a dome, subjected to seismic loads, with different reinforced conditions, are presented. The benefit provided by the application of FRP strips is also compared with that associated to traditional retrofitting techniques. A sensitivity study is performed with respect to the structure scale factor.

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“…Each transversal N-link represents the non-linear behavior of the corresponding fiber, along a given material direction, see Figure 8A. Those links are calibrated assuming that the masonry strip is a homogeneous inelastic material with a post elastic linear softening behavior governed by two different values of fracture energy, for tension and compression, following the procedure briefly described in Section "The Mechanical Characterization" and reported in detail in Cannizzaro and Lourenço (2017). The calibration procedures for both diagonal and in-plane sliding spring follow the same strategy already adopted for the plane macroelement (Caliò et al, 2012a).…”

Section: The Spatial Three-dimensional Elementmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Frontiers on Seismic Modeling of Masonry Structures

Caddemi

Caliò

Cannizzaro

et al. 2017

Front. Built Environ.

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An accurate evaluation of the non-linear behavior of masonry structural elements in existing buildings still represents a complex issue that rigorously requires non-linear finite element strategies difficult to apply to real large structures. Nevertheless, for the static and seismic assessment of existing structures, involving the contribution of masonry materials, engineers need reliable and efficient numerical tools, whose complexity and computational demand should be suitable for practical purposes. For these reasons, the formulation and the validation of simplified numerical strategies represent a very important issue in masonry computational research. In this paper, an innovative macroelement approach, developed by the authors in the last decade, is presented. The proposed macroelement formulation is based on different, plane and spatial, macroelements for the simulation of both the in-plane and out-of-plane behavior of masonry structures also in presence of masonry elements with curved geometry. The mechanical response of the adopted macroelement is governed by non-linear zero-thickness interfaces, whose calibration follows a straightforward fiber discretization, and the non-linear internal shear deformability is ruled by equivalence with a corresponding geometrically consistent homogenized medium. The approach can be considered as "parsimonious" since the kinematics of the adopted elements is controlled by very few degrees of freedom, if compared to a corresponding discretization performed by using non-linear finite element method strategies. This innovative discrete element strategy has been implemented in two user-oriented software codes 3DMacro (Caliò et al., 2012b) and HiStrA (Historical Structures Analysis) , which simplify the modeling of buildings and historical structures by means of several wizard generation tools and input/output facilities. The proposed approach, that represents a powerful tool for the structural assessment of structures in which the masonry plays a key role, is here validated against experimental results involving typical masonry monumental substructural elements and numerical results involving real-scale structures.

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Simulation of Shake Table Tests on Out-of-Plane Masonry Buildings. Part (VI): Discrete Element Approach

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

Assessment of the dynamic response of unreinforced masonry structures using a macroelement modeling approach

Assessment of the dynamic response of unreinforced masonry structures using a macroelement modeling approach

Nonlinear Modelling of Curved Masonry Structures after Seismic Retrofit through FRP Reinforcing

New Frontiers on Seismic Modeling of Masonry Structures

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