Simulation of permafrost distributions in the Qilian Mountains using a multi-criteria approach

Zhang, Wenjie; Cheng, Weiming; Ren, Zhoupeng; Gao, Yingbo; Chen, Jin; Li, Baolin; Zhou, Chenghu

doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2014.03.010

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In the Hulugou catchment permafrost was found to end at an elevation of 3400 m. This permafrost extent elevation is consistent with field geophysical surveys and Zhang et al . []. Calculated suprapermafrost thickness varied with elevation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of groundwater flow in mountainous, headwater catchments with permafrost

Evans

Liang

2015

Water Resources Research

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Headwater catchments have a direct impact on the water resources of downstream lowland regions as they supply freshwater in the form of surface runoff and discharging groundwater. Often, these mountainous catchments contain expansive permafrost that may alter the natural topographically controlled groundwater flow system. As permafrost could degrade with climate change, it is imperative to understand the effect of permafrost on groundwater flow in headwater catchments. This study characterizes groundwater flow in mountainous headwater catchments and evaluates the effect of permafrost in the context of climate change on groundwater movement using a three-dimensional, finite element, hydrogeologic model. The model is applied to a representative headwater catchment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Results from the model simulations indicate that groundwater contributes significantly to streams in the form of baseflow and the majority of groundwater flow is from the shallow aquifer above the permafrost, disrupting the typical topographically controlled flow pattern observed in most permafrost-free headwater catchments. Under a warming scenario where mean annual surface temperature is increased by 28C, reducing the areal extent of permafrost in the catchment, groundwater contribution to streamflow may increase three-fold. These findings suggest that, in headwater catchments, permafrost has a large influence on groundwater flow and stream discharge. Increased annual air temperatures may increase groundwater discharge to streams, which has implications for ecosystem health and the long-term availability of water resources to downstream regions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of groundwater flow in mountainous, headwater catchments with permafrost

Evans

Liang

2015

Water Resources Research

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“…Input parameters, including the tensile/shear modulus ( E 1 = 800 GPa, E 2 = E 3 = 15.8 GPa, G 12 = G 13 = 320 GPa, G 23 = 4.1 GPa) and Poisson's ratio ( υ 12 = υ 13 = 0.14, υ 23 = 0.9) of CNTs, are mainly cited from ref. [57]. The needed elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio (2.55 GPa and 0.38) of EP matrix can be obtained from the aforementioned experimental results.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensile Mechanical Behaviors of High Loading of Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Composites via Experimental and Finite Element Analysis

Shen

Liu

2019

Adv Eng Mater

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This article aims to explore the tensile behaviors of a randomly distributed carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced epoxy (EP) composite with high CNT loading by experimental and finite element analysis (FEA). The CNT/EP with CNT loading of 22-25 wt% is prepared by resin-film infusion process. The obtained tensile strength and modulus of the as-prepared CNT/EP are increased by 141.7% and 175.3%, respectively, compared with the blank EP. When the CNT/EP prepreg (uncured) is prestretched with a tensile deformation of 2.5% to improve the alignment of CNTs, the yielded tensile strength and modulus of the cured composite are further improved by 6.3% and 10.8%. FEA result reveals that CNTs are the main stress carriers, and the maximum stress level undertaken by CNTs is 23-fold that of EP matrix. Also, the carrying capacity of CNTs is closely correlative to their alignments, when the orientation angle between CNTs' axes and loading direction is changed from 0 to 61 , CNTs bear continuously decreasing tensile stress; otherwise (61 to 90), CNTs undertake increasing compressive stress. Moreover, CNTs affect their nearby stress fields within EP in a distance of 50-60 nm, which proves that stress can be effectively transferred from EP matrix to CNTs.

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“…(Ma et al, ), and the seasonally frozen layer is mostly confined to the piedmont plain below 3,500 m a.s.l. The result is consistent with the simulation results from Ge () and Zhang et al (). Previous studies have indicated that the thickness of active layer in the permafrost area is 2 m below ground surface (b.g.s.)…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Using hydrogeochemical data to trace groundwater flow paths in a cold alpine catchment

Wang

et al. 2019

Hydrological Processes

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Significant uncertainty remains in understanding the groundwater flow pathways in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Hydrogeochemical and isotopic data as well as hydrogeological data were combined to explore the groundwater flow path in a representative cold alpine catchment in the headwater region of the Heihe River. The results indicate that the suprapermafrost groundwater chemical components were mainly affected by calcite dissolution and evaporation, whereas the geochemistry of subpermafrost groundwater was controlled by dolomite and gypsum dissolution, calcite precipitation, and albite and halite dissolution. Distinct hydrogeochemical characteristics and controlling processes suggest a poor hydraulic connectivity between the suprapermafrost and subpermafrost groundwater. The hydraulic connectivity between permafrost groundwater and groundwater in the seasonally frozen area was confirmed by their similar hydrogeochemical features. In the seasonally frozen area, a silty clay layer with low permeability separates the aquifer into the deep (depth >20 m) and shallow (depth <20 m) flow paths. The deep groundwater was characterized by the enhanced dedolomitization and enhanced cation exchange processes compared with the shallow groundwater. Groundwater in the seasonally frozen area finally discharges as base flow into the stream. These results provide useful information about the groundwater flow systems in the unique alpine gorge catchments in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The above findings suggest that the permafrost distribution and the aquifer structures within the seasonally frozen area have significant impact on groundwater flow paths. Cross‐validation by drilling work and hydrograph data confirms that the hydrogeochemical and isotopic tracers combined with field investigations can be relatively low‐cost tools in interpreting the groundwater flow paths in similar alpine catchments.

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Simulation of permafrost distributions in the Qilian Mountains using a multi-criteria approach

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Analysis of groundwater flow in mountainous, headwater catchments with permafrost

Analysis of groundwater flow in mountainous, headwater catchments with permafrost

Tensile Mechanical Behaviors of High Loading of Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Composites via Experimental and Finite Element Analysis

Using hydrogeochemical data to trace groundwater flow paths in a cold alpine catchment

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