Simulation of Nitrate Leaching under Maize–Wheat Cropping System in a Semiarid Irrigated Area of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, India

Dash, Ch. Jyotiprava; Sarangi, A.; Adhikary, Partha Pratim; Singh, Devendra

doi:10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000965

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In the present study, the overall results of N leaching at the bottom soil were very close to the observed data, which was also similar to previous studies on nutrient leaching losses at the bottom soil layer [39,44]. Furthermore, Dash et al [24] revealed that the performance of the Hydrus-1D model for simulating N fluxes at the 100-cm soil depth during the two seasons was highly satisfactory. The total loss of NH 4 + was less that of NO 3 − , suggesting that NH 4 + was easily adsorbed by soil particles and only small amount leached down to the root zone.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The observed total leaching loss of N was 34.9 and 27.9 kg/ha during the off and main seasons, respectively. This resulting tendency was almost similar to a previous study [24], in which the authors estimated N leaching below a 120-cm depth of soil and found a total loss of 28.5 kg/ha. However, it was less than those reported by another group [23], who recorded a total N leaching loss of 13.5 kg/ha during a single rice growing season.…”

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confidence: 91%

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Assessment of Nutrient Leaching in Flooded Paddy Rice Field Experiment Using Hydrus-1D

Mo'allim

Kamal

Muhammed

et al. 2018

Water

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Solute runoff and leaching are two direct pathways of nutrient pollution from paddy fields into water systems. Due to the dynamic nature of paddy fields, solute transport and transformation processes are complex and difficult to understand. Therefore, in this study, nitrogen (N) transport in flooded paddy rice fields with conventional irrigation (flooding irrigation) in the Tanjung Karang Rice Irrigation Scheme (TAKRIS), Sawah Sempadan, were observed and modelled using the Hydrus-1D numerical model during two consecutive rice growing seasons. Based on solute transport analysis results, it was observed that 50.3% to 48% of percolated N was accumulated in the top 40-cm soil layer, while 49.7% to 52% of leachate N was lost below the 40-cm soil layer (40-100 cm) during the off and main seasons, respectively. About 85% of N leaching loss was in the form of NO 3 −. NO 3 − was absorbed by rice roots within 0-40 cm and the denitrified root zone; however, there was still a large quantity of NO 3 − which remained below the root zone, which was quickly transported downward along with the leachate water. The NH 4 + concentration in subsurface water was lower than the NO 3 − concentration due to various processes that removed NH 4 + from the topsoil layer (0-40 cm), such as ammonium volatilisation, nitrification, and plant uptake. The total leaching loss of N was 34.9 and 27.9 kg/ha during the off and main seasons, respectively. The simulated and observed water flow and nutrient leaching were in a good agreement (R 2 = 0.98, RMSE = 0.24). The results showed that Hydrus-1D successfully simulated the solute movement under different soil depths during the study period.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

supporting

confidence: 91%

Assessment of Nutrient Leaching in Flooded Paddy Rice Field Experiment Using Hydrus-1D

Mo'allim

Kamal

Muhammed

et al. 2018

Water

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“…The statistical analysis presented in this study is similar to that reported by [18,19]. Overall, it was reasonable to use the model for vertical movement of water in a real paddy environment.…”

Section: Model Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In addition, rice is a shallow-rooted crop and the domain of the root zone is about 30-40 cm below the soil surface, which can lead to considerable water loss if it leaches under irrigated or high rainfall conditions [18]. As the water movement in a rice field is vertical due to constant ponding water condition, the one-dimensional model can be used effectively [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the water movement in a rice field is vertical due to constant ponding water condition, the one-dimensional model can be used effectively [12]. Furthermore, since the seepage in paddy plots is minimized, and water and solute transport can be simplified to a vertical movement [19], thus, the Hydrus-1D model can be used in the present study, even though it has been often used by many researchers to simulate water flow and solute transport in flooded rice fields [18,20]. Indeed, no study is reported yet on this important aspect in Malaysia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Assessment of the Vertical Movement of Water in a Flooded Paddy Rice Field Experiment Using Hydrus-1D

Mo'allim

Kamal

Muhammed

et al. 2018

Water

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A quantitative estimation of the major components of the field water balance provides management decisions on how the scheme ought to be operated to ensure better distribution of irrigation water and increased delivery performance. Therefore, in this study, the water balance component in transplanted and broadcasted rice fields with conventional irrigation (flooding irrigation) in the Tanjung Karang Rice Irrigation Scheme (TAKRIS), Sawah Sempadan were observed and then modeled using Hydrus-1D numerical model during two consecutive rice growing seasons. During the off-season, irrigation water accounted for 59.6% of the total water input (irrigation + rainfall), but about 76.2% of total water input during the main season. During the main season, rainfall water only contributed to 23.8% of total water input and 40.4% during the off-season. Drainage water accounted for 37.3% of the total water input during the off-season and 43.7% during the main season, respectively, which was the main path of water losses from conventional rice fields, which indicates that maintaining a high water level and huge rainfall events during both seasons increased drainage water. Simulated ET during the off-season and the main season accounted for 38.1% and 49.5% of the total water input, respectively. Observed and simulated water percolation revealed about 17.1% to 19.2% of total water input during both seasons, respectively. Additionally, the water productivities analyzed from total water input and irrigation water were 0.43 and 0.72 kg m −3 during the off-season and 0.60 and 0.78 kg m −3 during the main season, respectively. The water productivity index evaluated from observed and modeled evapotranspiration was 1.03 and 1.13 kg m −3 during the off-season and 0.98 and 0.94 kg m −3 during the main season, respectively. The overall results revealed that Hydrus-1D simulations were a reasonable and effective tool for simulating vertical water flow in both broadcasted and transplanted rice experimental fields.

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Modeling N fertilization impact on water cycle and water use efficiency of maize, finger‐millet, and lablab crops in South India

Almawazreh,

Uteau,

Subbarayappa

et al. 2024

Vadose Zone Journal

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The understanding of the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization on the field water cycle and corresponding water use efficiency (WUE) is very important for optimizing fertilization rates and conserving stressed water resources. We modeled soil moisture dynamics of maize (Zea mays L.), finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.), and lablab [Lablab purpureus (L..) Sweet] plots using calibrated HYDRUS‐1D model on two experimental sites (rain‐fed and irrigated) for three seasons under different N treatments. The results indicate that the effects of N depended on plant specific properties such as N‐fixation and drought tolerance, and on plant available water content governed by soil structure and rainfall seasonal variability. Maize WUE of plots which received 150 kg/ha of urea (46 N) were 10–30 kg/ha/mm higher than plots which received none; likewise, millet that received 50 kg/ha of urea had a 7–10 kg/ha/mm higher WUE than control plots in both experiments. However, differences in water cycle components were noticeable between N treatments only in the rain‐fed experiment, where higher N levels led to around 60 and 30 mm higher transpiration, 30 and 20 mm lower evaporation, and 30 and 15 mm lower percolation per season for maize and millet, respectively. In 2018, which was the driest year, the difference in maize WUE between the high and low N treatments was only 1 kg/ha/mm, which corresponded with low actual to potential transpiration ratios (). This indicates higher sensitivity of maize to water stress compared to the other crops. The results of lablab indicate a positive impact of N fertilization on WUE only under water‐limited conditions.

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Simulation of Nitrate Leaching under Maize–Wheat Cropping System in a Semiarid Irrigated Area of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, India

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

Assessment of Nutrient Leaching in Flooded Paddy Rice Field Experiment Using Hydrus-1D

Assessment of Nutrient Leaching in Flooded Paddy Rice Field Experiment Using Hydrus-1D

An Assessment of the Vertical Movement of Water in a Flooded Paddy Rice Field Experiment Using Hydrus-1D

Modeling N fertilization impact on water cycle and water use efficiency of maize, finger‐millet, and lablab crops in South India

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