“…Despite these experimental efforts, numerical developments are required to help expedite the design cycle for Fe-Mn-Si devices. Contrary to NiTi and Cu-based SMAs that have been intensively investigated numerically (Cissé et al, 2016a, 2016b), very few constitutive models are available for Fe-SMAs, with most still limited to uniaxial formulations and/or simulations (Cissé et al, 2015; Goliboroda et al, 1999; Lazghab and Wu, 2005; Nishimura et al, 2003). Existing three-dimensional (3D) models for Fe-based SMAs either consider linear hardening during inelastic deformations (Jemal et al, 2009) or loose their accuracy in the presence of plastic deformation despite the nonlinear hardening (Khalil et al, 2012).…”