Aiming at the sudden short circuit of three-phase power transformer, some structures of the transformer are reasonably simplified to establish a three-dimensional finite element field-circuit coupling model of the transformer, and the dynamic response of the transformer under three-phase symmetrical short circuit is analyzed by Maxwell transient electromagnetic field simulation. The short-circuit current of the transformer reaches its peak value at 0.0092s at the beginning of the simulation, that is, the inpact current is 14645.8 A, and the distribution of the axial and radial leakage magnetic fields is obtained. Based on this, the electromagnetic force of the winding during short-circuit is calculated.