Simulation of impedance measurements at human forearm within 1 kHz to 2 MHz

Anand, Gautam; Lowe, Andrew; Al‐Jumaily, Ahmed M.

doi:10.5617/jeb.2657

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The wet-contact silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes were utilized due to electrolytic gel with an excellent electrochemical characteristic [ 27 , 28 ]. The current source was implemented by a Wien-Bridge oscillator and an improved Howland current pump to produce an alternating current with an amplitude of 100 μA and frequency of 50 kHz, which allows the safety guideline in the human body [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. To measure arterial impedance change induced by small arterial pulsation, the AFE was implemented for enlarging the IPG signals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Impedance Measurement Optimization for High-Resolution Carotid Pulse Sensing

Wang

Chu

Chou

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Continuous hemodynamic monitoring is important for long-term cardiovascular healthcare, especially in hypertension. The impedance plethysmography (IPG) based carotid pulse sensing is a non-invasive diagnosis technique for measuring pulse signals and further evaluating the arterial conditions of the patient such as continuous blood pressure (BP) monitoring. To reach the high-resolution IPG-based carotid pulse detection for cardiovascular applications, this study provides an optimized measurement parameter in response to obvious pulsation from the carotid artery. The influence of the frequency of excitation current, electrode cross-sectional area, electrode arrangements, and physiological site of carotid arteries on IPG measurement resolution was thoroughly investigated for optimized parameters. In this study, the IPG system was implemented and installed on the subject’s neck above the carotid artery to evaluate the measurement parameters. The measurement results within 6 subjects obtained the arterial impedance variation of 2137 mΩ using the optimized measurement conditions, including excitation frequency of 50 kHz, a smaller area of 2 cm2, electrode spacing of 4 cm and 1.7 cm for excitation and sensing functions, and location on the left side of the neck. The significance of this study demonstrates an optimized measurement methodology of IPG-based carotid pulse sensing that greatly improves the measurement quality in cardiovascular monitoring.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Impedance Measurement Optimization for High-Resolution Carotid Pulse Sensing

Wang

Chu

Chou

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…Here, we follow from our preliminary investigations—a simulation study and a human forearm phantom study. To explore the potential of MFBIA, we initially followed a simulation approach for modelling the impedance response of a human forearm section with different diameters of the radial artery [ 31 ]. The simulation study consisted of modelling three layers of the forearm—fat, muscle and blood.…”

Section: Prior Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Estimating Blood Flow-Induced Variations in Human Forearm

Anand

Lowe

2020

Sensors

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This work aims to investigate the feasibility of employing multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis for hemodynamic assessment. Towards this, we aim to explore one of its implementations, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), for estimating changes in radial artery diameter due to blood flow. Following from our previous investigations, here, we use a commercial device—the Quadra® Impedance Spectroscopy device—for impedance measurements of the forearm of three subjects under normal conditions and occluding the artery with a cuff. This was performed simultaneously with ultrasound measurements as a reference. The impedance spectra were measured over time, yielding waveforms reflecting changes due to blood flow. Contributions from the fat/muscle domains were accounted for using the occluded impedance response, resulting in arterial impedance. A modified relationship was approximated to calculate the diameter from the arterial impedance, which showed a similarity with ultrasound measurements. Comparison with the ultrasound measurements revealed differences in phase and amplitude, primarily due to the approximated relationship between impedance and diameter and neglecting the impedance phase analysis. This work shows the potential of EIS, with improvements, towards estimating blood flow-induced variation in arteries. Further analysis and improvements could help place this technology in mainstream clinical practice for hemodynamic monitoring.

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“…In a study by Al-Harosh and Shchukin (2017) [15], the electrical impedance method was used in peripheral vein detection by applying a known alternating current of frequency (100 KHz) and measuring the resulting potential. Anand et al (2016) [10] also applied measurements on human forearm within a frequency range of 1 KHz to 2 MHz; these measurements were done at three instances of radial artery diameter to mimic the condition of blood flow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thicknesses of skin, fat and muscles were 3 mm, 10 mm and 25 mm, respectively, and the bone diameter was 2 cm. The radiuses of blood and wall were 1.5 mm and 1.7 mm, respectively [10,11].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of vascular diseases on bioimpedance measurements: mathematical modeling

2018

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Introduction: The non-invasive nature of bioimpedance technique is the reason for the adoption of this technique in the wide field of bio-research. This technique is useful in the analysis of a variety of diseases and has many advantages. Cardiovascular diseases are the most dangerous diseases leading to death in many regions of the world. Vascular diseases are disorders that affect the arteries and veins. Most often, vascular diseases have greater impacts on the blood flow, either by narrowing or blocking the vessel lumen or by weakening the vessel wall. The most common vascular diseases are atherosclerosis, wall swelling (aneurysm), and occlusion. Atherosclerosis is a disease caused by the deposition of plaques on the inner vessel wall, while a mural aneurysm is formed as a result of wall weakness. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of vascular diseases on vessel impedance. Furthermore, this study aimed to develop the measurement of vessel abnormalities as a novel method based on the bioimpedance phenomenon. Methods: Mathematical models were presented to describe the impedance of vessels in different vascular cases. In addition, a 3D model of blood vessels was simulated by COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS.5, and the impedance was measured at each vascular condition. Results: The simulation results clarify that the vascular disorders (stenosis, blockage or aneurysm) have significant impact on the vessel impedance, and thus they can be detected by using the bio-impedance analysis. Moreover, using frequencies in KHz range is preferred in detecting vascular diseases since it has the ability to differentiate between the healthy and diseased blood vessel. Finally, the results can be improved by selecting an appropriate electrodes configuration for analysis. Conclusion: From this work, it can be concluded that bioimpedance analysis (BIA) has the ability to detect vascular diseases. Furthermore, the proposed mathematical models are successful at describing different cases of vascular disorders.

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Simulation of impedance measurements at human forearm within 1 kHz to 2 MHz

Cited by 22 publications

References 39 publications

Bio-Impedance Measurement Optimization for High-Resolution Carotid Pulse Sensing

Bio-Impedance Measurement Optimization for High-Resolution Carotid Pulse Sensing

Investigating Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Estimating Blood Flow-Induced Variations in Human Forearm

The effect of vascular diseases on bioimpedance measurements: mathematical modeling

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