Simulation of Hierarchical Multi-Level Grid Control Strategies

Sarstedt, Marcel; KluB, Leonard; Dokus, Marc; Hofmann, Lutz; Gerster, Johannes

doi:10.1109/sges51519.2020.00038

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Note that each DG is a flexible power generation unit, and it is decentralized from the grid. Then, each of the flexibility polygons is divided into five types [30]- [32] depending on the different types of generators and loads, as shown in Fig. 3.…”

Section: Implementation Of Proposed Cooperative Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative Control of TSO and DSO: Management of Line Congestion and Frequency Response

Yoon,

Leem,

Lee

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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The separation of transmission and distribution systems raises a variety of questions concerning the integration of many distributed generators (DGs) into future grids. They are difficult to solve by using current energy management methods. Especially, the cooperative control between transmission system operator (TSO) and distribution system operator (DSO) has been increasingly emphasized to manage the line congestion. This paper proposes a new cooperative control of TSO-DSO based on the generation-load power sensitivity analysis. To minimize the required computational effort and data communication, the information of TSO and DSO is processed separately in the generation-load power sensitivity matrix of power system. The proposed cooperative control is implemented by three-step process, which is aggregation, specification, and local distribution. Firstly, the DSOs firstly aggregate the flexibility area of DGs in their networks, and they inform the TSO of the feasible operation regions (FORs). Then, the TSO sends the power references at the boundary buses to many DSOs. Thereafter, the DSOs use these references as loads to calculate the detailed power references for their generators. As the result, the net power of DSOs satisfies the power references requested by the TSO. The case studies are carried out to verify the effectiveness of proposed control. The results show that when the load is increased by 20%, the overall average of line loading is decreased by 4.34% with the proposed control. Also, when the generator of 634 MW is disconnected, the frequency nadir is increased by 0.1 Hz compared with the P-f droop control.

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Section: Implementation Of Proposed Cooperative Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative Control of TSO and DSO: Management of Line Congestion and Frequency Response

Yoon,

Leem,

Lee

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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“…In the context of coordinated DSO/DSO-interactions the flexibility potentials of a lower-level DSO system can be also described by a PQ-polygon representing a FOR (see I. in Fig. 1) [3], [16], [18], [51]. Thereby, the active and reactive power flexibilities of lower-level DSO system can be implemented analogously to PQ-polygons of FPUs by the higher-level DSO.…”

Section: A Description Of Flexibility Potentials As Pq-polygonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To coordinate the technical and organizational interactions between the system levels an amendment of the regulatory framework and the bilateral agreement between TSO and DSO is necessary [5], [7], [12], [15]. In literature especially hierarchical grid control strategies are discussed for the coordination of future TSO/DSO-interactions [16]- [18]. In general, these approaches are based on a dayahead or intraday, proactive determination of a feasible operation region (FOR) (see Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Thereby, the TSO/DSO-coordination process is based on bottom-up aggregation, top-down specification and local distribution and can be also applied for the coordination of DSO/DSO-interactions [2], [3], [16]. Thereby, a cascading process for the coordination of system operator interactions within the overall system results in the context of multi-(voltage-)level grid control strategies [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monetarization of the Feasible Operation Region of Active Distribution Grids Based on a Cost-Optimal Flexibility Disaggregation

Sarstedt

Hofmann²

2022

IEEE Access

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Hierarchical grid control strategies are an appropriate design concept for the coordination of future transmission system operator (TSO) and distribution system operator (DSO) interactions. Hierarchical approaches are based on the aggregation of decentralized ancillary service potentials, represented by converter-coupled, communicable active and reactive power flexibility providing units (FPU, e.g. wind turbines) at vertical TSO/DSO system interfaces. The resulting PQ-polygon made available by the DSO for a potential request of ancillary service flexibilities by the TSO is called feasible operation region (FOR). A monetarization of the FOR is necessary for the implementation as operational degree of freedom within TSO grid control. In the context of a local DSO and global TSO market, this article presents an approach for the monetarization of the FOR by a cost structure using metadata from population based aggregation methods. At the local DSO market free bids for the active and reactive power flexibilities by the FPUs stakeholders are assumed. Within the aggregation method multiple FPU flexibility polygons at a single bus are aggregated for a reduction of the search space dimensions. Thereby, the main contribution of the proposed method is the cost-optimal disaggregation of a flexibility demand to the single FPUs within the aggregated FPU by a mixed integer linear program. The approach can be simply adapted for the coordination of DSO/DSO-interactions regarding hierarchical multi-level grid control strategies.

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“…The knowledge of the flexibility range enables a grid operator to include subordinate grids as fictitious compensators into their decision-making process. Sarstedt et al (2020) go one step further and discuss hierarchical multi-level control strategies where multiple grid operators communicate their vertical flexibility range in the form of feasible operation regions. However, all mentioned methods focus solely on the technical feasibility and neglect economical aspects.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Evaluation of a Multi-level Reactive Power Market

Bozionek

Wolgast

Nieße

2022

Preprint

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The shift from conventional power plants on transmission level to distributed energy resources in the distribution grids requires procedures to enable efficient and economic reactive power exchange across different voltage levels. In this paper, we propose a multi-level reactive power market that enables reactive power provision from distributed energy resources to higher voltage levels. Each grid operator operates a local reactive power market and offers local reactive power potential, as an intermediary, to superordinate grid operators by passing on its aggregated cost curve and flexibility range. As a result, there is a low requirement of communication between the market participants and each grid operator is free to choose its local market rules as well as the optimization algorithm used. First results from a case study show that our decentralized market approach can realize an economically efficient multi-level reactive power provision that is close to a centrally computed optimal solution, without violating local grid constraints.

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Simulation of Hierarchical Multi-Level Grid Control Strategies

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Cooperative Control of TSO and DSO: Management of Line Congestion and Frequency Response

Cooperative Control of TSO and DSO: Management of Line Congestion and Frequency Response

Monetarization of the Feasible Operation Region of Active Distribution Grids Based on a Cost-Optimal Flexibility Disaggregation

Design and Evaluation of a Multi-level Reactive Power Market

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