Simulation of Broadband Ground Motion Including Nonlinear Soil Effects for a Magnitude 6.5 Earthquake on the Seattle Fault, Seattle, Washington

Hartzell, Stephen H.; Leeds, Alena L.; Frankel, Arthur; Williams, Robert A.; Odum, Jack K.; Stephenson, William J.; Silva, Walter

doi:10.1785/0120010114

Cited by 49 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Hyndman 2003, Hartzell 2002, predict weather patterns (e.g., Grell et al 1995, Colle 1998, understand water circulation patterns (e.g., Hamilton 1985, Babson et al 2006, evaluate residency time of toxic chemicals and effects on biota (e.g. Spromberg 2006), assess food web dynamics (e.g., Harvey et al 2010), predict biological invasions (e.g., , Colnar 2007, etc.…”

Section: Ecosystem Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model Approach for Estimating Colony Size, Trends, and Habitat Associations of Burrow-Nesting Seabirds

et al. 2013

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Section: Ecosystem Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model Approach for Estimating Colony Size, Trends, and Habitat Associations of Burrow-Nesting Seabirds

et al. 2013

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“…For this purpose, seismogram inversion results are being used in conjunction with weak-motion recordings from the 2003 Miyagi-Oki aftershock sequence, and ground surface and downhole records are initially deconvolved to ground surface of a typical B-C boundary reference profile following Hartzell et al (2002) under the assumption of linear site response that is considered to be valid given the amplitude of weak ground motions investigated in this study. It should be noted here that if indeed the forward model operator were the precise mathematical representation of the site-response physical mechanism, the global optimum solution of the inversion process would have yielded the exact variation of soil properties at the site of interest, and under the assumption of vertically propagating upgoing and downgoing waves between the surface and borehole receivers, deconvolution of both records should yield identical predicted B-C boundary ground motion.…”

Section: Site Amplification Factors From the Miyagi-oki Aftershock Sementioning

confidence: 99%

Site Amplification and Attenuation via Downhole Array Seismogram Inversion: A Comparative Study of the 2003 Miyagi-Oki Aftershock Sequence

Assimaki¹,

Wei²,

Steidl³

et al. 2008

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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Weak-motion geotechnical array recordings at 38 stations of the Japanese strong-motion network KiK-Net from the 2003 M w 7:0 Miyagi-Oki aftershock sequence are used here to quantify the amplification and attenuation effects of nearsurface formations to incident seismic motion. Initially, a seismic waveform optimization algorithm is implemented for the evaluation of high-resolution, low-strain velocity (V s ), attenuation (Q s ), and density (ρ) profiles at the sites of interest. Based on the inversion results, V s versus Q s correlations are developed, and scattering versus intrinsic attenuation effects are accounted for in their physical interpretation. Surfaceto-downhole traditional spectral ratios (SSR), cross-spectral ratios (c-SSR), and horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) site-response estimates are next evaluated and compared, while their effectiveness is assessed as a function of the site conditions classified on the basis of the weighted average V s of the upper 30 m (V s30 ) of the formations. Single and reference-station site-response estimates are successively compared to surface-to-rock outcrop amplification spectra and are evaluated by deconvolution of the downhole records based on the inversion results; comparison of the observed SSR and estimated surface-to-rock outcrop amplification spectra illustrates the effects of destructive interference of downgoing waves at the downhole instrument level as a function of the site class. Site amplification factors are successively computed in reference to the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) B-C boundary site conditions (V s30 760 m=sec), and results are compared to published values developed on the basis of strong-motion data and site-response analyses. Finally, weak-motion SSR estimates are compared to the mainshock spectra, and conclusions are drawn for the implications of soil nonlinearity in the near surface. Results presented in this article suggest that currently employed site classification criteria need to be reevaluated to ensure intraclass consistency in the assessment of amplification potentials and nonlinearity susceptibility of near-surficial soil formations.

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“…However, Hooke's law breaks down at larger strains and the non-linear relation between the strain and the stress may significantly affect the strong ground motion (e.g. Beresnev & Wen 1996;Hartzell et al 2002;Bonilla et al 2011;Wen et al 2011;Wu & Peng 2011). Therefore, a complete seismic hazard assessment should consider both linear and non-linear material behaviour when evaluating the effects of moderate and strong earthquakes at a given site (Stupazzini et al 2009;Pilz et al 2011;Restrepo et al 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Gelagoti et al (2010) analyse numerically the effects of material constitutive model (linear and non-linear) and source input motion on the 2-D basin response at the Ohba valley in Japan through an aggravation factor defined as the ratio of peak ground accelerations from the 2-D and 1-D analyses. Furthermore, Roten et al (2009) and Hartzell et al (2002) introduce non-linear soil constitutive models to study the wave propagation in the Sion and Seattle basins, in Switzerland and the United States, respectively. Both studies use a two-step procedure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of a sedimentary basin infilling description on the 2-D P–SV wave propagation using linear and non-linear constitutive models

Gelis¹,

Bonilla

2014

Geophysical Journal International

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S U M M A R YNumerical modelling is a useful tool to understand the role of different parameters (site geometry, impedance contrast, material properties, constitutive model, input motion) governing site effects. We focus here on the 2-D P-SV seismic wave propagation in a simple-shaped asymmetric model. We consider two ways of describing the sedimentary infilling properties: the basin is either composed of distinct homogeneous geological layers or is described through properties progressively changing as a function of depth (smooth model). In order to study the wave propagation in the two basins with similar soil properties, P and S velocities of the layered basin are deduced from the smooth basin ones, making both models compatible in a kinematic point of view. P and S velocities globally increase with depth. Following EPRI, non-linear properties are considered as constant in layers for the two basins. We assess the influence of the model choice on the wave propagation while taking into account linear and non-linear constitutive models. We test the influence of the input motion by propagating two different input motions, the first being a simple impulsive one and the second a real complex accelerogram. We find that transfer functions computed in each basin are quite similar irrespective of the soil constitutive behaviour and the input motion. Moreover, we show that the maximum shear strain spatial distribution depends on the input motion frequency content and maximum values depend on the input motion strength and complexity. Maximum shear strains are generally higher for superficial layers than for deeper ones. We show that the highest shear strain values are located above discontinuities, where velocities are lower and the soil is more non-linear than in the underlying layer, regardless of the input motion. Indeed, in a layered basin, the shear strain is higher above interfaces for all the soil constitutive models that were used. In the smooth visco-elastoplastic model, a kind of layering appears, absent in a viscoelastic model, due to the different non-linear properties in each layer. Moreover, no matter what the model structure and the input motion used, maximum shear strain levels are higher in the visco-elastoplastic soil than in the viscoelastic one. Such a numerical study helps to understand the non-linearity location and therefore the consequences of a model choice when performing a site-specific study.

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Simulation of Broadband Ground Motion Including Nonlinear Soil Effects for a Magnitude 6.5 Earthquake on the Seattle Fault, Seattle, Washington

Cited by 49 publications

References 44 publications

A Model Approach for Estimating Colony Size, Trends, and Habitat Associations of Burrow-Nesting Seabirds

A Model Approach for Estimating Colony Size, Trends, and Habitat Associations of Burrow-Nesting Seabirds

Site Amplification and Attenuation via Downhole Array Seismogram Inversion: A Comparative Study of the 2003 Miyagi-Oki Aftershock Sequence

Influence of a sedimentary basin infilling description on the 2-D P–SV wave propagation using linear and non-linear constitutive models

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