Site Amplification and Attenuation via Downhole Array Seismogram Inversion: A Comparative Study of the 2003 Miyagi-Oki Aftershock Sequence

Assimaki, Dominic; Wei, Li-Yi; Steidl, Jamison H.; Tsuda, Kenichi

doi:10.1785/0120070030

Cited by 70 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Previous studies have found clear evidences of soil nonlinearity after previous large earthquakes in Japan, including the 1995 M w 6.8 Kobe earthquake, 2000 M w 6.8 Western Tottori earthquake, 2003 M w 8.3 Tokachi-Oki earthquake, 2003 M w 7.0 Miyaki-Oki earthquake, and 2004 M w 6.6 Niigata earthquake (e.g., Pavlenko and Irikura 2002;Sawazaki et al, 2006;Rubinstein et al, 2007;Assimaki et al, 2008;Wu et al, 2009aWu et al, , 2010. The sharp reductions of the peak frequency and peak spectral ratio followed by gradual recovery observed in this study (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal changes of site response during the 2011 M w 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake

Peng

2011

Earth Planet Sp

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The recent M w 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake and its aftershocks generated widespread strong shakings as large as ∼3000 Gal along the east coast of Japan. Here we systematically analyze temporal changes of material properties and nonlinear site response in the shallow crust associated with the Tohoku main shock, using seismic data recorded by the Japanese Strong Motion Network KiK-Net. We compute the spectral ratios of windowed records from a pair of surface and borehole stations, and then use the sliding-window spectral ratios to track the temporal changes in the site response of various sites at different levels of peak ground acceleration (PGA). Our preliminary results show clear drop of resonant frequency of up to 70% during the Tohoku main shock at 6 sites with PGA from 600 to 1300 Gal. In the site MYGH04 where two distinct groups of strong ground motions were recorded, the resonant frequency briefly recovers in between, and then followed by an apparent logarithmic recovery. We investigate the percentage drop of peak frequency and peak spectral ratio during the Tohoku main shock at different PGA levels, and find that at most sites they are correlated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal changes of site response during the 2011 M w 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake

Peng

2011

Earth Planet Sp

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“…It turns out that the median estimates (shown here for the same scenario) are not significantly affected by the damping scaling, even at high frequency, while the within-event variability is found significantly larger at high frequency (f [ 4-5 Hz) for the larger damping values. An optimal option might be to define for each site the ''best Q S profile'' in a similar way to what was done by Assimaki et al (2008), with however the risk of a significant trade-off between shallow velocity profiles and Q S values at high frequency. Also, it could be possible to consider a frequency-dependent Q S [Q S (f) = Q S0 9 fa].…”

Section: Comparison Of Dhcor and Surfcor Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Derivation of consistent hard rock (1000 < VS < 3000 m/s) GMPEs from surface and down-hole recordings: analysis of KiK-net data

Laurendeau

Bard

Hollender

et al. 2017

Bull Earthquake Eng

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A key component in seismic hazard assessment is the estimation of ground motion for hard rock sites, either for applications to installations built on this site category, or as an input motion for site response computation. Empirical ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) are the traditional basis for estimating ground motion while V S30 is the basis to account for site conditions. As current GMPEs are poorly constrained for V S30 larger than 1000 m/s, the presently used approach for estimating hazard on hard rock sites consists of ''host-to-target'' adjustment techniques based on V S30 and j 0 values. The present study investigates alternative methods on the basis of a KiK-net dataset corresponding to stiff and rocky sites with 500 \ V S30 \ 1350 m/s. The existence of sensor pairs (one at the surface and one in depth) and the availability of P-and S-wave velocity profiles allow deriving two ''virtual'' datasets associated to outcropping hard rock sites with V S in the range [1000, 3000] m/s with two independent corrections: 1/down-hole recordings modified from withinThe following softwares are employed in this study: 1) the one written by J.-C. Gariel and P.-Y.Bard of the 1D reflectivity approach (Kennett 1974); 2) the site_amp v.5.6 program package provided by Dave Boore (U.S. Geological Survey); and the pikwin software developed by Perron et al. (2017). DOI 10.1007/s10518-017-0142-6 motion to outcropping motion with a depth correction factor, 2/surface recordings deconvolved from their specific site response derived through 1D simulation. GMPEs with simple functional forms are then developed, including a V S30 site term. They lead to consistent and robust hard-rock motion estimates, which prove to be significantly lower than host-to-target adjustment predictions. The difference can reach a factor up to 3-4 beyond 5 Hz for very hard-rock, but decreases for decreasing frequency until vanishing below 2 Hz. Electronic supplementary materialBull Earthquake Eng

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“…Indeed, the nonlinearity susceptibility of a site is a function of both the site conditions and the incident ground-motion intensity and frequency content; while the former describes the strength of the material, the latter represents the amplitude of wavelengths of the same order of magnitude as the soft layers of the profile that may potentially be driven to the nonlinear range. Therefore, a description based on the magnitude distance of the station and the site conditions is not adequate to describe the frequency content of the ground motion (Assimaki et al, 2008).…”

Section: Nonlinearity Susceptibility and Modeling As A Function Of Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Nonlinearity Susceptibility via Site-Response Modeling Uncertainty at Three Sites in the Los Angeles Basin

Assimaki¹,

Li²,

Steidl³

et al. 2008

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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The effects of near-surface soil stratigraphy on the amplitude and frequency content of ground motion are accounted for in most modern U.S. seismic design codes for building structures as a function of the soil conditions prevailing in the area of interest. Nonetheless, currently employed site-classification criteria do not adequately describe the nonlinearity susceptibility of soil formations, which prohibits the development of standardized procedures for the computationally efficient integration of nonlinear ground response analyses in broadband ground-motion simulations. In turn, the lack of a unified methodology for nonlinear site-response analyses affects both the prediction accuracy of site-specific ground-motion intensity measures and the evaluation of site-amplification factors when broadband simulations are used for the development of hybrid attenuation relations. In this article, we introduce a set of criteria for quantification of the nonlinearity susceptibility of soil profiles based on the site conditions and incident ground-motion characteristics, and we implement them to identify the least complex ground response prediction methodology required for the simulation of nonlinear site effects at three sites in the Los Angeles basin. The criteria are developed on the basis of a comprehensive nonlinear site-response modeling uncertainty analysis, which includes both detailed soil profile descriptions and statistical adequacy of ground-motion time histories. Approximate and incremental nonlinear models are implemented, and the limited site-response observations are initially compared to the ensemble site-response estimates. A suite of synthetic ground motions for rupture scenarios of weak, medium, and large magnitude events (M 3:5-7:5) is next generated, parametric studies are conducted for each fixed magnitude scenario by varying the source-to-site distance, and the variability introduced in ground-motion predictions is quantified for each nonlinear site-response methodology. A frequency index is developed to describe the frequency content of incident ground motion relative to the resonant frequencies of the soil profile, and this index is used in conjunction with the rock-outcrop acceleration peak amplitude (PGA RO ) to identify the site conditions and ground-motion characteristics where incremental nonlinear analyses should be employed in lieu of approximate methodologies. We show that the proposed intensity-frequency representation of ground motion may be implemented to describe the nonlinearity susceptibility of soil formations in broadband simulations by accounting both for the magnitude-distance-orientation characteristics of seismic motion and the profile stiffness characteristics. The synthetic ground-motion predictions are next used for the development of site-amplification factors for the alternative site-response methodologies, and the results are compared to published site factors of attenuation relations. For the site conditions investigated, currently established amplification fac...

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Site Amplification and Attenuation via Downhole Array Seismogram Inversion: A Comparative Study of the 2003 Miyagi-Oki Aftershock Sequence

Cited by 70 publications

References 84 publications

Temporal changes of site response during the 2011 M w 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake

Temporal changes of site response during the 2011 M w 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake

Derivation of consistent hard rock (1000 < VS < 3000 m/s) GMPEs from surface and down-hole recordings: analysis of KiK-net data

Quantifying Nonlinearity Susceptibility via Site-Response Modeling Uncertainty at Three Sites in the Los Angeles Basin

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