Simulation of automotive emission control systems

Ahmadinejad, Mehrdad; Desai, Maya R.; Watling, Timothy C.; York, Andrew P. E.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2377(07)33002-0

Cited by 38 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Computer simulations were carried out using a one‐dimensional model for a monolith reactor, which has been described in more detail elsewhere . The model treats the gas and solid (monolith) phases separately, with heat and mass transfer between the gas and solid being described by correlations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of different kinetic models for NO_X storage on a lean NO_X trap

2014

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The kinetics of NOX storage on a lean NOX trap (LNT) were studied using NOX breakthrough curves measured with a laboratory reactor. A much wider range of temperatures (125–450°C) was used than in most studies to facilitate discrimination between potential models. The breakthrough curves were run until the LNT was saturated to (i) enable NO oxidation to NO2 to be studied in the absence of NOX storage, (ii) to enable the effective NOX capacity as a function of temperature to be determined, and (iii) to provide a more demanding test for potential models. Breakthrough curves for 125 and 450°C were very similar, while curves at intermediate temperatures initially followed that for 125°C before breaking away from this curve at a point that became earlier with increasing temperature. Thus, the breakthrough curves have a temperature independent initial portion, followed by a temperature dependant portion. This was explained by there being two types of site: fast sites and slow sites. Fast sites are responsible for the initial part of the curve; both the rate of storage on these sites and the available capacity are independent of temperature. The rate of storage on slow sites, on the other hand, is temperature dependant, as is the available storage capacity. Slow sites are more abundant than fast sites. The performance of three NOX storage models for these sites was compared. The amount of NOX stored as a function of temperature was bell‐shaped. The models naturally predicted that storage was limited by kinetics at lower temperatures and nitrate stability at higher temperatures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of different kinetic models for NO_X storage on a lean NO_X trap

2014

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“…The largest amounts of urea are currently used as agricultural fertilizers. Moreover, urea is used in emission control of automotives [59] and stationary power plants, as a thawing aid, and it is used as a moisturizer in the pharmaceutical industry. Urea is also added to cigarette tobacco to increase the nicotine absorption into the human body, whereby the smoke is made more alkaline.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Technologies for Exploiting and Recycling Carbon Dioxideinto the Value Chain

et al. 2011

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While experts in various fields discuss the potential of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, the utilization of carbon dioxide as chemical feedstock is also attracting renewed and rapidly growing interest. These approaches do not compete; rather, they are complementary: CCS aims to capture and store huge quantities of carbon dioxide, while the chemical exploitation of carbon dioxide aims to generate value and develop better and more-efficient processes from a limited part of the waste stream. Provided that the overall carbon footprint for the carbon dioxide-based process chain is competitive with conventional chemical production and that the reaction with the carbon dioxide molecule is enabled by the use of appropriate catalysts, carbon dioxide can be a promising carbon source with practically unlimited availability for a range of industrially relevant products. In addition, it can be used as a versatile processing fluid based on its remarkable physicochemical properties.

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“…A typical example is catalytic converter of exhaust gases where global reactor models are employed in parametric simulation studies to tailor the configuration of the system [21,22]. In these models two approaches are commonly used to treat internal diffusion in the coated catalyst layer: first, lumping all diffusion effects into reaction kinetics (no transverse concentration gradients in the coated catalyst layer), or second, modelling the coated layer as a pseudo-homogeneous medium with effective diffusivity.…”

Section: Reaction and Transport In Digitally Reconstructed 3d Porous mentioning

confidence: 99%