Simulation of acid weathering on natural and artificial building stones according to the current atmospheric SO2/NO
                x
               rate

Gibeaux, Soizic; Thomachot-Schneider, Céline; Eyssautier‐Chuine, Stéphanie; Marin, Béatrice; Vázquez, Patricia

doi:10.1007/s12665-018-7467-6

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Some studies have shown the higher susceptibility to salt weathering of more porous limestones [17,35,50], with similar results for granites [28] and for highly porous sandstones [53]. The same trend has been obtained in terms of the effects of acid solutions on limestones [38,44].…”

Section: Pore Network Featuressupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Oxidation processes can contribute to stains in limestone because of the action of salt solutions [71] and acid solutions [38], with this last publication also reporting the oxidation of iron-containing calcite.…”

Section: Minerals and Other Phase Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…A study with several tuffs reported that those with micropores dominance were particularly affected by salt weathering [47]. But bigger pores can favor limestone dissolution by acid attack [38] and according to Fogue-Djombou et al [65], limestones with unimodal pore network dominated by micropores present higher resistance to freeze-thaw than limestone with bimodal pore system. On the other hand, a study with several rock types proposed that the rocks with greater variation in pore size (limestone and travertine) were more stable under freeze-thaw tests than the others (trachyandesite and tuff) [80].…”

Section: Pore Network Featuresmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…We found examples of the role played by heterogeneity features in alteration processes. In tests with acid attack to limestones, it was reported that ooids and fossils presented a lower resistance than the cement [38]. In a limestone subjected to acid attack, dissolution of ooids and cement did not present noteworthy differences and the voids in ooids that were present on the specimens before the test promoted sulphates and nitrates crystallization [39].…”

Section: Textural and Structural Featuresmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Rock Features and Alteration of Stone Materials Used for the Built Environment: A Review of Recent Publications on Ageing Tests

2020

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This work presents a review of recent publications, with publication date between 2017 and 2019, with information on the relation between rock characteristics and the effects of diverse agents associated with alteration of stone materials in the built environment. It considers information obtained from ageing tests performed under laboratory conditions and by exposure to outdoor agents. Several lithological groups were considered, with sedimentary carbonate rocks being the most frequently studied lithotypes and silicate metamorphic rocks being the group with scarcer information. In terms of ageing tests, salt weathering was the most frequent one while there was a noticeable lesser amount of information from tests with biological colonization. The collected data showed the influence of diverse features, from specific minerals to whole-rock properties and the presence of heterogeneities. These information are discussed in the context of formulating a general framework for stone decay.

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Section: Pore Network Featuressupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Minerals and Other Phase Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Pore Network Featuresmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Textural and Structural Featuresmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Rock Features and Alteration of Stone Materials Used for the Built Environment: A Review of Recent Publications on Ageing Tests

2020

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“…Slight changes in total colour and lightness could be detected for the treated samples exposed in Dortmund, where no distinct variations appeared during a time period of 24 years. The visible and measured colour changes are caused by biological growth, the deposition of particles and the formation of black crusts on the OKS surfaces, which lead to a gradual darkening as well as a significant change of the optical appearance (compare also with [26,27]). Table 5 summarises the protection degree PDLP calculated from water absorption measurements by pipe method after 1 hour (Equation (2)) for the 11 protective agents applied on OKS.…”

Section: Buildings 2020 10 X For Peer Review 9 Of 18mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of 30 Years Outdoor Weathering on the Durability of Hydrophobic Agents Applied on Obernkirchener Sandstones

2020

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The durability of eleven different water repellents applied on one sandstone type was studied after a long-term weathering at seven different locations in Germany. By measuring colour changes, it could be shown that the formation of black crusts, the deposition of particles and biogenic growth caused a gradual darkening as well as significant changes in total colour over time. Additionally, the water absorption behaviour was investigated with two different methods: applying a low pressure using the pipe method and capillary water absorption measurements from a wet underlay. Afterwards, the test results were analysed with four different evaluation methods: calculation of the protection degree from pipe method and capillary water absorption, determination of the velocity of water uptake during capillary water absorption and calculation of the damaged depth of the stone surface using single-sided NMR technique. The growing damaged depth leads to an increase of the water uptake velocity and to a decrease of the protection degree of the applied hydrophobing agents. Three protective agents based on isobutyltrimethoxysilane showed already after two years of outdoor weathering a clear loss of performance, which significantly increased after 30 years of exposure.

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Evaluating sulfates and nitrates as enemies of the recent constructions: Spectroscopic and thermodynamical study

Morillas

Upasen

Maguregui

et al. 2018

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Salt crystallization is one of the major problems currently faced by the field of architecture and construction. Its effects are devastating to the extent that they may even lead to loss of material. Although many innovative and resistant materials have been developed in the last years, in most of the constructions, salt crystallization is a persistent problem. Salts crystallizations are formed by the dissolution and subsequent precipitation of the soluble salts present in the material itself or due to the formation of new ones because of the reaction between original components of the building materials with salts coming from infiltration waters or with acid aerosols present in the atmosphere. Among others, some of the most common salts that can crystallize in the building materials are nitrates and sulfates. Both of them are soluble compounds, which can mobilize throughout the material easily, reprecipitate, and generate volume changes responsible for fissures, fractures, and even the loss of building material. In this work, a specific study of salts crystallizations in a recent construction erected in 2013 in Amorebieta (Basque Country, North of Spain) using a different kind of materials has been studied. The materials affected by salts are joint mortars, which in a first step were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Raman microscopy to determine the mineralogical composition. In a second step, a soluble salts tests by ion chromatography was applied to approach quantitatively the impact of the salts. Finally, in a third step, the reactions that give rise to the decay products (thenardite, nitrocalcite, and/or epsomite mainly) were proposed and confirmed through a thermodynamic modelling.

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Simulation of acid weathering on natural and artificial building stones according to the current atmospheric SO2/NO x rate

Cited by 33 publications

References 39 publications

Rock Features and Alteration of Stone Materials Used for the Built Environment: A Review of Recent Publications on Ageing Tests

Rock Features and Alteration of Stone Materials Used for the Built Environment: A Review of Recent Publications on Ageing Tests

The Influence of 30 Years Outdoor Weathering on the Durability of Hydrophobic Agents Applied on Obernkirchener Sandstones

Evaluating sulfates and nitrates as enemies of the recent constructions: Spectroscopic and thermodynamical study

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