Simulation Model of a 2-kW IPT Charger with Phase-Shift Control: Validation through the Tuning of the Coupling Factor

Abstract

When applied to road vehicle electrification, inductive power transfer (IPT) technology has the potential to boost the transition from combustion engines to electric motors powered by a battery pack. This work focuses on the validation of a PSpice circuit model developed as a replica of a 2-kW IPT prototype with series-series compensation operating at 18.65 kHz. The laboratory prototype has the three stages commonly found in an IPT system: an inverter, controlled by the phase-shift technique, a coil coupling and a load. Simulations were run with the circuit model for three different distances between the two coils of the inductive coupling, all of which are of interest for practical chargers: 125, 150 and 175 mm. The validation approach was based on tuning the magnetic coupling factor for each distance and a set of ten load resistances, until the best match between the simulated and the experimental peak currents supplied by the inverter was found in each case. The coupling factors obtained from the simulation work are in good agreement with their experimental counterparts for the three distances, provided the duty cycle of the inverter output voltage is not too small. The circuit model developed is, therefore, able to reproduce the behavior of the laboratory prototype with sufficient accuracy over a wide range of distances between coils and loading conditions.

Estimation of Optimal Operating Frequency for Wireless EV Charging System under Misalignment

“…The elliptical integrals of first and second kind are plotted against m, as per (12) and (13). When m approaches 1, the curve departs away in two directions with a considerable difference.…”

“…There are a few significant research contributions, in the form of research articles, which convey the importance of this technology over a connected charging infrastructure [1,2,13]. Calculation of the mutual inductance of the non-coaxial circular coil, based on Neumann's formula, has been discussed in [14], where the mutual inductance obtained corresponded to the vertical and horizontal misalignment of the primary and secondary inductive coils.…”

“…Similarly, an equivalent circuit-based study, as well as Neumann's formula-based equations, were formed to obtain the maximum efficiency under a given air gap in [10]. The resonance frequency corresponds to the mutual inductance, as discussed in [6,7,13,15]. The resonance frequency corresponds to the reflected capacitance and the reflected capacitance corresponds to the mutual inductance, as discussed in [6,7,15].…”

“…The resonance frequency corresponds to the reflected capacitance and the reflected capacitance corresponds to the mutual inductance, as discussed in [6,7,15]. The magnetic coupling is tuned, based on the particular distance for a variable load resistance with peak current detection, which has been investigated in [13]. Resonance-enhanced IPT topologies are efficient for power transfer and will improve the distance of power transfer from primary to the secondary [6,16].…”

Applications of Power Electronics

“…In [58], WPT system efficiency improvement and size reduction is considered by adding a single-switch boost stage at the secondary side, while in [59], the possibility of efficiency improvement using a current-fed inverter is discussed. The simulation modeling of an induction power transfer (IPT) as a replica of a 2-kW IPT charger for an electric vehicle battery charger is addressed in [60,61]. Lastly, in [62], a comprehensive review of WPT system topologies, structures and EMI diagnostics is presented.…”