Simulation and measurement of through-the-earth (TTE), extremely low-frequency signals using copper-clad, steel ground rods

Damiano, Nicholas W.; Yan, Lincan; Whisner, Bruce; Zhou, Chenming

doi:10.1109/ias.2016.7731930

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…More details on the effect of grounding rod deployment (rod connection configuration, spacing, inserted depth, number of rods, etc.) on electrode‐based TTE communication can be found in Damiano et al [].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted, though not shown in , that the contact impedance of grounding rods (i.e., the electrodes) at the transmitter side will affect transmitter current and thus influence the signal reception at the receiver as well. More details on the effect of contact impedance of grounding rods on electrode‐based TTE communication can be found in Damiano et al [].…”

Section: Explicit Form Of Electric Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mathematical modeling and measurement of electric fields of electrode-based through-the-earth (TTE) communication

et al. 2017

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There are two types of through‐the‐earth (TTE) wireless communication in the mining industry: magnetic loop TTE and electrode‐based (or linear) TTE. While the magnetic loop systems send signal through magnetic fields, the transmitter of an electrode‐based TTE system sends signal directly through the mine overburden by driving an extremely low frequency (ELF) or ultralow frequency (ULF) AC current into the earth. The receiver at the other end (underground or surface) detects the resultant current and receives it as a voltage. A wireless communication link between surface and underground is then established. For electrode‐based TTE communications, the signal is transmitted through the established electric field and is received as a voltage detected at the receiver. It is important to understand the electric field distribution within the mine overburden for the purpose of designing and improving the performance of the electrode‐based TTE systems. In this paper, a complete explicit solution for all three electric field components for the electrode‐based TTE communication was developed. An experiment was conducted using a prototype electrode‐based TTE system developed by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The mathematical model was then compared and validated with test data. A reasonable agreement was found between them.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Explicit Form Of Electric Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modeling and measurement of electric fields of electrode-based through-the-earth (TTE) communication

et al. 2017

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“…11, 13, and 14 show a progressive reduction in the measured impedance for all frequencies. Reducing the electrode impedance increases the current injected at a given voltage [21], which in turn may allow for longer communication distances. Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and Measurement of Through-the-Earth, Extremely Low-Frequency Signals Using Copper-Clad Steel Ground Rods

Damiano

Yan

Whisner

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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The underground mining environment can greatly affect radio signal propagation. Understanding how the earth affects signal propagation is a key to evaluating communications systems used during a mine emergency. One type of communication system is through-the-earth, which can utilize extremely low frequencies (ELF). This paper presents the simulation and measurement results of recent National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) research aimed at investigating current injection at ELF, and in particular, ground contact impedance. Measurements were taken at an outside surface testing location. The results obtained from modeling and measurement are characterized by electrode impedance, and the voltage received between two distant electrodes. This paper concludes with a discussion of design considerations found to affect low-frequency communication systems utilizing ground rods to inject a current into the earth.

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An Experimental Study of Electrodes for Through-The-Earth 350 kHz MF Communication

Pruekchatsiri,

Jantaupalee,

Khamsalee

et al. 2023

2023 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP)

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Simulation and measurement of through-the-earth (TTE), extremely low-frequency signals using copper-clad, steel ground rods

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Mathematical modeling and measurement of electric fields of electrode-based through-the-earth (TTE) communication

Mathematical modeling and measurement of electric fields of electrode-based through-the-earth (TTE) communication

Simulation and Measurement of Through-the-Earth, Extremely Low-Frequency Signals Using Copper-Clad Steel Ground Rods

An Experimental Study of Electrodes for Through-The-Earth 350 kHz MF Communication

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