“…In the context of Earth system science, the development of a modeling environment has been highly valued; for example, the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF) (Hill et al, ), Grid Enabled Integrated Earth System Model (GENIE) (Price et al, ), Land Information System (Kumar et al, ), the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) (Jöckel et al, ), the OASIS3 coupler (Valcke, ), and other platforms have been developed to provide a unified software platform for Earth system modeling and to couple weather, climate, and related models (Valcke et al, ). In the field of environment modeling, mature modeling environments have been developed since the 1980s, including the modular modeling system (MMS) (Leavesley et al, ), the spatial modeling environment (SME) (Maxwell & Costanza, ), the open modeling interface (OpenMI) (Castronova and Goodall, ; Gregersen et al, ; Knapen et al, ), the invisible modeling environment (TIME) (Argent et al, ), and the Open Modeling System (OMS) (David et al, ). These software tools have facilitated the rapid increase in integrated environmental modeling.…”