Simulated movement termination for balance recovery: can movement strategies be sought to maintain stability in the presence of slipping or forced sliding?

Pai, Yi–Chung; Iqbal, Kamran

doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(99)00074-3

Cited by 142 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The alignment of body segments over the BOS must be kept such that the projection of the body COM falls within the boundaries of stability. However, movement termination during a foot slide also depends on the presence of an external braking force that allows the stability region to extend beyond the anterior limit of the BOS in the direction of slipping (Pai and Iqbal 1999). It appears that an increasing friction force might provide such an external braking force, eventually enabling a recovery of stability.…”

Section: Postural and Balance Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A stepping response to a foot slide may have a unique importance in balance recovery and fall prevention (Maki and McIlroy 1997, McIlroy and Maki 1999, Pai and Iqbal 1999. However, it is still unclear what factors might determine the success rate of recovery during a stepping response after the onset of a slip perturbation.…”

Section: Postural Adjustments and Adaptation To Slipping Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pai and Patton (1997) and Pai and Iqbal (1999) used an inverted pendulum model with a foot segment to simulate centre of mass velocity-position constraints and movement termination for balance recovery. In fact, recent studies suggest that in addition to foot displacement during slipping (Brady et al 2000), the movement of the body's centre of mass over the base of support plays a significant role in slip recovery and fall termination (Pai and Patton 1997, Pai and Iqbal 1999, You et al 2001.…”

Section: Differentiation Between Slipping and Fallingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human-centred approaches in slipperiness measurement

Grönqvist¹,

Abeysekera²,

Gard³

et al. 2001

Ergonomics

106

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A number of human-centred methodologies-subjective, objective, and combined-are used for slipperiness measurement. They comprise a variety of approaches from biomechanically-oriented experiments to psychophysical tests and subjective evaluations. The objective of this paper is to review some of the research done in the field, including such topics as awareness and perception of slipperiness, postural and balance control, rating scales for balance, adaptation to slippery conditions, measurement of unexpected movements, kinematics of slipping, and protective movements during falling. The role of human factors in slips and falls will be discussed. Strengths and weaknesses of human-centred approaches in relation to mechanical slip test methodologies are considered. Current friction-based criteria and thresholds for walking without slipping are reviewed for a number of work tasks. These include activities such as walking on a level or an inclined surface, running, stopping and jumping, as well as stair ascent and descent, manual exertion (pushing and pulling, load carrying, lifting) and particular concerns of the elderly and mobility disabled persons. Some future directions for slipperiness measurement and research in the field of slips and falls are outlined. Human-centred approaches for slipperiness measurement do have many applications. First, they are utilized to develop research hypotheses and models to predict workplace risks caused by slipping. Second, they are important alternatives to apparatus-based friction measurements and are used to validate such methodologies. Third, they are used as practical tools for evaluating and monitoring slip resistance properties of foot wear, anti-skid devices and floor surfaces.

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Section: Postural and Balance Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Postural Adjustments and Adaptation To Slipping Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Differentiation Between Slipping and Fallingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Human-centred approaches in slipperiness measurement

Grönqvist¹,

Abeysekera²,

Gard³

et al. 2001

Ergonomics

106

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“…One method commonly employed to find balance deficits in patients is proprioceptive vibration of skeletal muscles or tendons specifically involved in the regulation of balance, such as the calf muscles . Moreover, when repeated, balance perturbations of healthy sober subjects are usually accompanied over time by sensorimotor adaptation (motor learning), which may cause sensory re-weighting and altered feedback and feedforward motor control responses (Bastian, 2008), resulting in decreased fall risk (Pai and Iqbal, 1999;Pavol and Pai, 2002). Sensory re-weighting when determining the body"s spatial orientation and movements is defined as a process where less reliable sensory information gradually diminishes in influence relative to other sources of sensory information found more reliable (Oie et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood alcohol concentration at 0.06 and 0.10% causes a complex multifaceted deterioration of body movement control

Modig

Fransson

Magnusson

et al. 2012

Alcohol

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Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Modig, F., Fransson, P-A., Magnusson, M., & Patel, M. (2012). Blood alcohol concentration at 0.06 and 0.10% causes a complex multifaceted deterioration of body movement control. Alcohol, 46, 75-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2011 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal AbstractAlcohol-related falls are recognized as a major contributor to the occurrence of traumatic brain injury. The control of upright standing balance is complex and comprises contributions from several partly independent mechanisms like appropriate information from multiple sensory systems and correct feedback and feedforward movement control. Analysis of multisegmented body movement offers a rarely used option for detecting the fine motor problems associated with alcohol intoxication.The study aims were: 1) to investigate whether alcohol intoxication at 0.06% and 0.10% blood alcohol concentration (BAC) affected linear body movement under unperturbed and perturbed standing; and 2) to investigate whether alcohol affected the ability for sensorimotor adaptation.Body movements were recorded in 25 participants (13 women and 12 men, mean age 25.1 years) at five locations (ankle, knee, hip, shoulder and head) during quiet standing and during balance perturbations from pseudorandom pulses of calf muscle vibration over 200s with eyes closed or open. Tests were performed at 0.00%, 0.06% and 0.10% BAC.The study revealed several significant findings: 1). An alcohol dose-specific effect; 2). A direction-specific stability decrease from alcohol intoxication; 3). A movement pattern change related to the level of alcohol intoxication during unperturbed standing and perturbed standing; 4). A sensorimotor adaptation deterioration with increased alcohol intoxication; and 5). That vision provided a weaker contribution to postural control during alcohol intoxication.Hence, alcohol intoxication at 0.06% and 0.10% BAC causes a complex multifaceted deterioration of human postural control.

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“…In addition, the development here allows testing and implementation of control and postural stability apparatus in mechanical and humanoid robots. One can study daily voluntary human sport activities and maneuvers and postural strategies (Nashner & McCollum, 1985;Brooks, 1986;Pai & Iqbal, 1999). More detail about the skeletal structure of the model can be found in and .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Computational Model of the Upper Extremity

Hemami¹

2017

MER

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A basic 22-segment model of the upper extremity is formulated that can allow computational testing of hypotheses about the control and coordination of the upper extremity by the central nervous system. The formulation allows for further analytical, anatomical, physiological, and bio-mechanical expansion and improvement of the model. It allows for inclusion of all passive structures: ligaments, membranes, soft tissues, and cartilages. The formulation is based on the state space formulation of the Newton-Euler method applied to multi-body systems. Extensive use is made of three-segment rigid body modules, constraints, reduction of dimensionality, projection, and matrices of large dimensions.An example, gliding motion of a rigid body on a circular surface (as in wiping a dish with a pre-specified force of contact) shows the application of some of the concepts and feasibility of the developed routines. The control is based on analogous strategies in living systems where co-activation of agonist-antagonist muscular systems and precise reference inputs implement the desirable trajectories of motion and where an integral feedback of the force implements the desired forces of contact.

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Simulated movement termination for balance recovery: can movement strategies be sought to maintain stability in the presence of slipping or forced sliding?

Cited by 142 publications

References 26 publications

Human-centred approaches in slipperiness measurement

Human-centred approaches in slipperiness measurement

Blood alcohol concentration at 0.06 and 0.10% causes a complex multifaceted deterioration of body movement control

Toward a Computational Model of the Upper Extremity

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