Simulated microgravity alters multipotential differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells in association with reduced telomerase activity

Sun, Lianwen; Gan, Bo; Fan, Yubo; Xie, Tian; Hu, Qinghua; Zhuang, Fengyuan

doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2007.12.008

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In our study, we found high levels of telomerase reverse transcriptase and DNA repair proteins in neonatal CPCs after simulated microgravity. In contrast to this, Kumari et al reported that, in human lymphocytes, exposure to clinorotation for 7 days reduced the expression of DNA repair proteins [ 57 ] and similarly, Sun et al reported reduced telomerase activity in MSCs cultured in a rotary cell culture system [ 58 ]. Our data demonstrates that elevated expression of DNA repair proteins in neonatal Isl-1+ CPCs with simulated microgravity is supported by microRNA expression differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated Microgravity Exerts an Age-Dependent Effect on the Differentiation of Cardiovascular Progenitors Isolated from the Human Heart

et al. 2015

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Microgravity has a profound effect on cardiovascular function, however, little is known about the impact of microgravity on progenitors that reside within the heart. We investigated the effect of simulated microgravity exposure on progenitors isolated from the neonatal and adult human heart by quantifying changes in functional parameters, gene expression and protein levels after 6-7 days of 2D clinorotation. Utilization of neonatal and adult cardiovascular progenitors in ground-based studies has provided novel insight into how microgravity may affect cells differently depending on age.Simulated microgravity exposure did not impact AKT or ERK phosphorylation levels and did not influence cell migration, but elevated transcripts for paracrine factors were identified in neonatal and adult cardiovascular progenitors. Age-dependent responses surfaced when comparing the impact of microgravity on differentiation. Endothelial cell tube formation was unchanged or increased in progenitors from adults whereas neonatal cardiovascular progenitors showed a decline in tube formation (p<0.05). Von Willebrand Factor, an endothelial differentiation marker, and MLC2v and Troponin T, markers for cardiomyogenic differentiation, were elevated in expression in adult progenitors after simulated microgravity. DNA repair genes and telomerase reverse transcriptase which are highly expressed in early stem cells were increased in expression in neonatal but not adult cardiac progenitors after growth under simulated microgravity conditions. Neonatal cardiac progenitors demonstrated higher levels of MESP1, OCT4, and brachyury, markers for early stem cells. MicroRNA profiling was used to further investigate the impact of simulated microgravity on cardiovascular progenitors. Fifteen microRNAs were significantly altered in expression, including microRNAs-99a and 100 (which play a critical role in cell dedifferentiation). These microRNAs were unchanged in adult cardiac progenitors.The effect of exposure to simulated microgravity in cardiovascular progenitors is age-dependent. Adult cardiac progenitors showed elevated expression of markers for endothelial and cardiomyogenic differentiation whereas neonatal progenitors acquired characteristics of dedifferentiating cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated Microgravity Exerts an Age-Dependent Effect on the Differentiation of Cardiovascular Progenitors Isolated from the Human Heart

et al. 2015

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“…In addition, telomerase activity is also an important factor that influences the differentiation potential of MSCs. Sun et al () reported that telomerase activity decreases significantly in MSCs under simulated microgravity; those authors hypothesized that the reduced bone formation during a space flight may partly be due to the altered potential for differentiation of MSCs, which is linked to telomerase activity. The latter plays a key role in the regulation of differentiation and of the lifespan of cells.…”

Section: Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Mscs) Under Conditions Of Microgravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of stem cells under outer‐space microgravity and ground‐based microgravity simulation

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2015

Cell Biology International

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With rapid development of space engineering, research on life sciences in space is being conducted extensively, especially cellular and molecular studies on space medicine. Stem cells, undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into specialized cells, are considered a key resource for regenerative medicine. Research on stem cells under conditions of microgravity during a space flight or a ground-based simulation has generated several excellent findings. To help readers understand the effects of outer space and ground-based simulation conditions on stem cells, we reviewed recent studies on the effects of microgravity (as an obvious environmental factor in space) on morphology, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of stem cells.

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“…Osteocyte apoptosis recruits osteoclasts, resulting in increased bone resorption and bone loss. FAK focal adhesion kinase, ER estrogen receptor, MEK mitogenactivated protein kinase kinase, ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase, TRAP tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [63] and Cao et al [64] demonstrated that simulated microgravity gradually decreases BMP2 protein and mRNA levels during hind limb suspension. Under simulated microgravity, BMP2-induced effects on osteoblast differentiation are reduced [65], which could be attributed to reduced MEK1, a MAPK signaling pathway component.…”

Section: Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Effects of Microgravity on Bone Cells

et al. 2014

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Life on Earth developed under the influence of normal gravity (1g). With evidence from previous studies, scientists have suggested that normal physiological processes, such as the functional integrity of muscles and bone mass, can be affected by microgravity during spaceflight. During the life span, bone not only develops as a structure designed specifically for mechanical tasks but also adapts for efficiency. The lack of weight-bearing forces makes microgravity an ideal physical stimulus to evaluate bone cell responses. One of the most serious problems induced by long-term weightlessness is bone mineral loss. Results from in vitro studies that entailed the use of bone cells in spaceflights showed modification in cell attachment structures and cytoskeletal reorganization, which may be involved in bone loss. Humans exposed to microgravity conditions experience various physiological changes, including loss of bone mass, muscle deterioration, and immunodeficiency. In vitro models can be used to extract valuable information about changes in mechanical stress to ultimately identify the different pathways of mechanotransduction in bone cells. Despite many in vivo and in vitro studies under both real microgravity and simulated conditions, the mechanism of bone loss is still not well defined. The objective of this review is to summarize the recent research on bone cells under microgravity conditions based on advances in the field.

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Simulated microgravity alters multipotential differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells in association with reduced telomerase activity

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Simulated Microgravity Exerts an Age-Dependent Effect on the Differentiation of Cardiovascular Progenitors Isolated from the Human Heart

Simulated Microgravity Exerts an Age-Dependent Effect on the Differentiation of Cardiovascular Progenitors Isolated from the Human Heart

Behavior of stem cells under outer‐space microgravity and ground‐based microgravity simulation

Physiological Effects of Microgravity on Bone Cells

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