Simulated herbicide application between rows of black pepper crops

Abstract

The efficiency of applications through spraying is connected to the capacity to minimize losses by endo-drift and exo-drift while ensuring adequate coverage and deposition on the target surface; the spray nozzles is the main factor connected to application quality. However, few researches focus on technology of application in black pepper crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate the coverage of droplets of simulated herbicide applications using different spray nozzles. The experiment was conducted in a commercial crop area of black pepper of the variety Bragantina, in a randomized block with a 2×2+1 factorial arrangement with four replications per treatment. The nozzles used were XR11002 VP, AI11002 VS, with and without protector (Chapéu de Napoleão) and an additional treatment using the manual backpack sprayer standard nozzle without protector. The results showed that, under these conditions, the nozzle AI11002 VS with protector resulted in adequate coverage and deposition of droplets between rows decreasing the risk of phytotoxicity to black pepper plants. The nozzle XR11002 VP presented higher coverage of droplets in the lower third of black pepper plants. The backpack sprayer standard nozzle resulted in the lowest coverage of droplets between rows.

Impact of Operational Parameters on Droplet Distribution Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in a Papaya Orchard

“…As an example, at the application rate of 45 L ha (lowest rate), the VMD was 167.4 µm, and at 100 L ha (highest rate) the VMD was 292.2 µm. Overall, in the different collection positions, when using the XR11015 nozzles, the droplet diameter ranged from 184.88 to 326.93 µm, the MGA015 nozzle provided drops with a volumetric median diameter of 142.37 to 357 µm, and both nozzles provided from fine to medium drops [53,54] when these were already on target, being subject to primary and secondary drift in inappropriate weather conditions. The values described are in accordance with the droplet classification described by the nozzles' manufacturers.…”

Photosystem II Performance of Coffea canephora Seedlings after Sunscreen Application

“…This explains why the cone type nozzles showed a better result in droplet density and coverage. According to [ 16 , 26 ], the large drops have a greater weight, and due to this factor, it is difficult to set on leaf surfaces, lacking uniformity and coverage of drops.…”

“…However, there is an evident gap in the application processes of products considered sunscreens because there is no specific work related to pesticide application technology regarding application efficiency and its relation to the effectiveness of the product applied. The process of applying agricultural products (pesticides, foliar fertilizers and similar) through the spraying of the mixture applied is extremely important because an efficient application can optimize the deposition on the target, ensure the effectiveness of the product, no waste through runoff and minimizing the effect of drift [ 16 , 17 ].…”