“…The analyses mainly were based on the linear Mohr-Coulomb soil parameters as the Mohr-Coulomb model and the Drucker-Prager model are the most widely used models (Naseri et al 2021;Liu, et al 2021;and Kechidi et al 2021).…”
This paper presents a case history in Heliopolis, Egypt which is an underground metro station serving a high densely populated area in northeastern Cairo. This station was planned to maintain and attract density population (job-housing) in the nearby areas. The tunnel excavation and the constructed station resulted in a lateral soil displacement component and a reverse pressure affecting the side supporting system along the station sections. This displacement depends on many factors such as soil profile, subsoil properties, depth of excavation inside the diaphragm walls (Dwalls), type and stiffness of supporting system, time period of construction, surrounding structures, and surcharge loads. The present paper is comparing the observed horizontal displacement data (more than 2 years monitoring) with the corresponding estimated values of the soil model for detecting the deviation in predicted settlements in the long run and for the evaluation of any hazardous damages on buildings near excavations. It is concluded that the horizontal displacement behind the wall is about 0.06% of the excavation depth and the surface settlement is about 6 -24% of the horizontal displacement behind the wall if all construction stages are included. Also, the surface settlement is about 0.004 -0.014% of the excavation depth of the underground station.
“…The analyses mainly were based on the linear Mohr-Coulomb soil parameters as the Mohr-Coulomb model and the Drucker-Prager model are the most widely used models (Naseri et al 2021;Liu, et al 2021;and Kechidi et al 2021).…”
This paper presents a case history in Heliopolis, Egypt which is an underground metro station serving a high densely populated area in northeastern Cairo. This station was planned to maintain and attract density population (job-housing) in the nearby areas. The tunnel excavation and the constructed station resulted in a lateral soil displacement component and a reverse pressure affecting the side supporting system along the station sections. This displacement depends on many factors such as soil profile, subsoil properties, depth of excavation inside the diaphragm walls (Dwalls), type and stiffness of supporting system, time period of construction, surrounding structures, and surcharge loads. The present paper is comparing the observed horizontal displacement data (more than 2 years monitoring) with the corresponding estimated values of the soil model for detecting the deviation in predicted settlements in the long run and for the evaluation of any hazardous damages on buildings near excavations. It is concluded that the horizontal displacement behind the wall is about 0.06% of the excavation depth and the surface settlement is about 6 -24% of the horizontal displacement behind the wall if all construction stages are included. Also, the surface settlement is about 0.004 -0.014% of the excavation depth of the underground station.
“…Accordingly, the dynamic reactions of a sheet-pile at arbitrary location subjected to semi-sine excitation in frequency domain have been obtained. Then, the analytical solution in time domain can be obtained by inverse Fourier transform as follows [33][34][35]:…”
“…Liang [14] provided a closed-form solution for the horizontal vibration of pipe piles in saturated soil, considering radial heterogeneity effects. Liu [15] made beneficial extensions to the horizontal vibration of piles in saturated soil by considering the variable cross-section and defects of the pile body. In addition, Hu [16] studied the horizontal vibration of partially buried piles for offshore structures.…”
Under the framework of Biot porous media theory, a fractional order Kelvin model is used to describe the rheological effects of soil skeletons, and a coupled vibration model of saturated clay and a pile foundation is constructed. The Laplace transform is used to derive the analytical solution of the control equation in the transformation domain, and then the time–domain solution is obtained through numerical inversion. By analyzing numerical examples, the displacement and internal force response of pile foundations under horizontal vibration loads, as well as the influence of parameters, are studied. The results show that the displacement and internal force response of pile foundation vibrations in saturated clay foundations have a delayed effect. The stronger the rheological properties of the foundation soil, the more obvious the delay, the lower the load frequency, and the more significant the influence of the rheological properties on the delayed effect. The stronger the rheological properties of the soil, the smaller the displacement amplitude of the pile foundation vibration, and the higher the load frequency, the greater the decrease in displacement amplitude. The stronger the rheological properties of the soil, the smaller the positive bending moment of the pile body, while the negative bending moment increases. Both positive and negative shear forces increase, but the shear force at the top of the pile is not affected. Therefore, when designing pile foundations in saturated clay foundations, it is necessary to appropriately increase the pile foundation or increase the reinforcement to meet the shear resistance of the pile foundation. The results of this study can provide a valuable reference for geotechnical and seismic engineers in pile foundation design.
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