Simplicius and the Early History of Greek Planetary Theory

Meton of Athens: An Astronomer in the Democratic Landscape of the Polis

“…32 However, it was Philochorus who stated that Meton used the Pnyx of Athens as observatory, and that he built a heliotrope there in 433-432 33 in close correlation with the 25 Dicks 1970, 151-189;Bowen -Goldstein 1988, 79-80. See also, Goldstein -Bowen 1983Bowen 2002a;2002b. 26 Ptolemaeus (Alm. 3.1.205 Heiberg) refers to his connection with the prediction of the summer solstice of the year 432 at early morning (próios), and his relation to the setting of a parápegma in Athens.…”

Primeiro modelo matemático da cosmologia: as esferas concêntricas de eudoxo

“…Por outro lado, alguns pesquisadores são mais radicais nas suas críticas, por exemplo, Bowen [26], tem proposto que a reconstrução clássica do século XIX não pode ser considerada como correta, pois segundo ele as fontes escritas não mostram que os gregos no século IV a.C tenham tido conhecimento do movimento retrógrado dos planetas. Isto mostra que as pesquisas históricas em torno do primeiro modelo da astronomia ainda está longe de ser um tema fechado.…”

The planetary increase of brightness during retrograde motion: An explanandum constructed ad explanantem

“…Many scholars quoted him explicitly from his commentary to Aristotle's De Caelo, which is undoubtedly the source of this assertion. It is important to bear in mind that Simplicius's epistemic reconstruction is not too trustable in general (Bowen, 2002) and that he is describing situations which took place seven centuries before him. Simpicius affirms that the observed change in brightness of Venus and Mars was one of the reasons for the rejection of the homocentric spheres in favor of epicycle models.…”