Simple yet quick stabilization of clay using a waste by-product

Nasiri, Hadis; Khayat, Navid

doi:10.1016/j.trgeo.2021.100531

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Calcium and alumina in cement and lime react with sulfates in expansive clay, resulting in expansive minerals, i.e., ettringite [7]. Due to severe environmental pollution in the recent decade, natural fibers are an excellent option for use as green stabilizers on a large scale to reduce carbon footprints and protect the environment in the future [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Compression Index from Secant Elastic Modulus and Peak Strength of High Plastic Clay Ameliorated by Agro-Synthetic Waste Fibers for Green Subgrade

Zubair,

Farooq,

Farooq

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Agro-synthetic stabilization of high-plastic clay is trending due to its vital role in sustainable geotechnical construction and maintenance of clay subgrade. Remoulded samples of high plastic clay (C), ameliorated by optimal doses of 1.2% polyester (P) and 0.9% banana (B) at maximum dry density (γdmax) and optimum moisture content (OMC), were subjected to swell potential, unconsolidated undrained (CU) triaxial, consolidation, and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests. The outcome of this research presents that the use of an optimal clay-polyester-banana (CPB) mix enhanced the secant elastic modulus (E50), peak strength (Sp), and CBR by 2.5, 2.43, and 2.7 times, respectively; increased E50/Cc increased from 12.29 to 53.75 MPa; and lowered the swell potential by 48% and compression index (Cc) by 42.8%. It was also observed that the increase in moisture content (mc) of the optimal CPB mix from 20% (unsaturated phase) to 32% (wet phase) decreased Sp from 212 kPa to 56 kPa and E50 from 8.42 MPa to 2.16 MPa, whereas Cc was increased from 0.16 to 0.26, depicting the potential use of the CPB mix as a stable and sustainable geotechnical material even in wet seasons. Novel correlations are developed for the prediction of Cc from mc, E50, and Sp for an optimal CPB mix to achieve sustainable geotechnical systems and designs in sustainable geo-environmental engineering.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Compression Index from Secant Elastic Modulus and Peak Strength of High Plastic Clay Ameliorated by Agro-Synthetic Waste Fibers for Green Subgrade

Zubair,

Farooq,

Farooq

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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“…Tese microstabilizers increase the pH of expansive clay up to 12 which creates environmental problems [17]. Fly ash (a coal combustion product) due to its high value of the pH reduces the nutrient access to plants when mixed with expansive clays, so the adoption of green additives for stabilization is trending amongst geotechnical and pavement engineers [28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro to Nanolevel Stabilization of Expansive Clay Using Agro-Wastes

Munawar

Khan

Rehman

et al. 2023

Advances in Civil Engineering

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The circular economy encourages the production and consumption of sustainable embankment geomaterials and their blends utilizing recycled waste materials in roads, railway tracks, airfields, and underground structures. Geomaterials comprising high-plastic soft expansive clay pose excessive settlement during cyclic traffic/railway/airfield loading resulting in uneven geometry of overlying layers. This paper demonstrates multiobjective optimized improvement of expansive clay (C) geotechnical characteristics by cost-effective agro-wastes additives at microlevel (by 3% to 12% rice husk ash, i.e., RHA), nanolevel (by 0.6% to 1.5% rice husk derived green nano-SiO2, i.e., NS), and synergistic micro to nanolevel (NS-RHA). The swell potential, resilient modulus (MR), initial elastic modulus (Es), unconfined compressive strength (UCT), and California bearing ratio (CBR) of C and its blends were determined. The chemical characterization of C and its blends were conducted through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and optical microscopic tests. The outcome of this study depicted that the cost ratio for the optimized composite, i.e., (1.2% NS-9% RHA)/(9% RHA) is 1.22 whereas stiffness ratio MR (NS-RHA)/MR(RHA) and Es (NS-RHA)/Es(RHA) and strength ratio UCT(NS-RHA)/UCT(RHA) and CBR(NS-RHA)/CBR(RHA) were found to be 2.0, 1.64, 2.17, and 2.82, respectively. FTIR revealed the chemical compatibility between C, RHA, & NS from durability perspective. Cost-stiffness results of this study can be applied by geotechnical experts to economize the green stabilization of C by use of agro-waste for sustainable development.

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“…Natural soils, particularly CSs, usually lack the mechanical and geotechnical characteristics needed for construction projects, requiring treatment to achieve conditions that are acceptable from a geotechnical standpoint [16,17]. CS currently presents some difficulties for pavement engineering in subgrade soil cross-sectional elements due to their weak subgrade strength, high sensitivity to moisture, and excessive swelling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Coffee Husk Ash on the Geotechnical Properties of Gypsum-Stabilized Expansive Clayey Soil

Tessema,

Wolelaw,

Abebe

et al. 2023

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Expansive clayey soils (CSs) expand and become softer as moisture content increases, but they get harder and stronger as they dry out. The earth’s swelling and shrinkage characteristics under varying moisture conditions make roads built on expansive CS, in particular, vulnerable to early degradation. In this investigation, coffee husk ash (CHA), gypsum, and a blend of the two additives (G-CHA) were used in experimental tests to treat expansive CS. This study aims to evaluate experimentally the potential of expansive soil stabilization using different additives: CHA, gypsum, and a combination of gypsum and CHA. Five different percentages of CHA (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%), three percentages of gypsum (3%, 6%, and 9%), and variable percentages of their combinations were used to stabilize the soil for pavement subgrade application. Atterberg limits, compaction, linear shrinkage (LS), swelling, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were performed on treated and virgin soil specimens at 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56-day curing times. Results showed that CHA additives effectively reduced the plasticity, LS, and swell potential in addition to increasing the maximum dry unit weight, UCS, and CBR. It was determined that the UCS and CBR values for the 6% stabilized gypsum soil increased by 28.95% and 19.54%, respectively, and reduced by 41% of the plastic index parameter after the addition of 15% CHA. Based on the evaluation of the results, an optimum mixture of 6% gypsum and 15% CHA (SG6C15) stabilized soil can be used in pavement subgrade applications as it achieved the minimum strength target. The performance of CHA-treated samples as subgrade material is superior to that of untreated virgin soil. Because of the stronger subgrade, smaller pavement layers result in a thinner pavement structure.

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Simple yet quick stabilization of clay using a waste by-product

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Prediction of Compression Index from Secant Elastic Modulus and Peak Strength of High Plastic Clay Ameliorated by Agro-Synthetic Waste Fibers for Green Subgrade

Prediction of Compression Index from Secant Elastic Modulus and Peak Strength of High Plastic Clay Ameliorated by Agro-Synthetic Waste Fibers for Green Subgrade

Micro to Nanolevel Stabilization of Expansive Clay Using Agro-Wastes

Utilization of Coffee Husk Ash on the Geotechnical Properties of Gypsum-Stabilized Expansive Clayey Soil

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