“…The on-deck green water may be modeled by dam-break theory (Goda et al, 1979;Vermeer, 1980) or shallow-water theory (Dillingham, 1981;Greco, Lugni and Faltinsen, 2014;Greco et al, 2015). Based on this approach, many efforts have been made to derive analytical and empirical formulas to predict hydrodynamic loads caused by green water flow, which can be found in Buchner (1995Buchner ( , 2002, Hamoudi and Varyani (1994), Ogawa (2003), Greco (2001), Kapsenberg and de Kat (2000), and Stansberg and Berget (2009). Alternatively, there have also been researches that used CFD methods for the local interaction between green water flow and structures, including Pham and Varyani (2005), Shibata and Koshizuka (2007), and Pakozdi et al (2014).…”