Simple Screening for Potential Chrysene Degrading Fungi

Abstract

Chrysene is a class of organic compounds, arranged in four benzene rings, and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), It has been found to have a variety of toxicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity on microorganisms, plants and animals in environment. Nowadays, the most attention on degradation of PAHs is investigating degradation of high-molecular-weight molecules. However, microbes which have ability to degrade PAHs containing more than three benzene rings are more difficult to be obtained. In order to provide chrysene degrading fungi, this study was conducted for screening, and isolating the fungi from soil, and hence investigating the selected fungi having high chrysene degradation activity. From the 62 soil samples collected from Matsuyama-Japan, 92 isolates were found and 20 isolates of them grew well in Malt extract media contaminated with chrysene (covered up 90%). Among them, a fungus, Fusarium sp. has the highest activity to degrade chrysene compared to others screened fungi. This fungus was evaluated further on liquid medium from distilled water and sea water to confirm their validity in degrading chrysene. The result showed that Fusarium sp. F092 degraded 48% of chrysene, where the chrysene degradation showed no differences at salinity of 35 o / oo . The effect of variation of enzymes activities on incubation times was evaluated simultaneously. When the fungus was grown in a liquid culture, the highest activity of 1,2-dioxygenase reached 203.5 UL -1 were observed on 30 days incubation and 29.7 Ul -1 for 2,3-dioxygenase on 40 days incubation. The products of chrysene degradation by Fusarium sp. F092 are, 1-hydroxy 2-napthoic acid and catechol. In conclusion, Fusarium sp. F092 shows a high potential activity degrade PAHs contamination .

Preparation and characterization of antistatic packaging for electronic components based on poly(lactic acid)/carbon black composites

“…In general, the degradation time in the environment may vary from 6 months to 2 years, depending on the biodegradation medium of the material. As a result of the degradation process, the chains are reduced in smaller and soluble fragments, which lead to a reduction in the mass of the material . It is possible to observe that all the samples had a small loss of the residual mass; according to the time of experiment, this loss was little significant, demonstrating that the carbon black does not speeds up, but this also does not interfere in the degradation of the PLA.…”

Isolation, characterization and optimization of chrysene degradation using bacteria isolated from oil-contaminated water

“…During the chrysene biodegradation, majormetabolic intermediates were identified by GCMS and are 1hydroxy 2-naphthoic acid, salicylic acid, 1,2dihydroxynaphthalene (Hadibarata et al 2009), catechol (Hidayat & Tachibana 2013), chrysenequinone, phthalic acid, protocatechuic acid, gentisic acid, hydroxyphenanthroic acid (Samanta et al 2002). The main metabolite detected by GCMS in this study was esters of phthalic acid, which had an R f value of 25.107 and an M/z ratio of 149.05 (Figure 7).…”

“…Oxidation of aromatic ring is the first step in chrysene degradation. This is catalysed by oxygenase enzymes to produce catechol via pyridine nucleotide-dependent dehydrogenation reaction (Hidayat & Tachibana 2013).…”

BIODEGRADATION OF CHRYSENE BY CONSORTIUM OF BACILLUS CEREUS AND <br> PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA IN PETROLEUM CONTAMINATED-SOIL ON SLURRY-PHASE BIOREACTOR

“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a large group of xenobiotic pollutants, are common, persistent and recalcitrant contaminants (Hidayat & Tachibana, 2015) found in soils, waterslides, sediments and their fate in nature is a major environmental concern because of the dangerous or potential toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity of higher organisms and resistant to microbial degradation (Cerniglia, 1992;Kanaly & Harayama, 2000;Hadibarata et al, 2009). PAHs of low molecular weight, composed of two or three aromatic rings, may decompose under favorable conditions; PAHs with four or more rings are recalcitrant to biodegradation and can last for prolonged periods in the environment.…”

“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be reduced from polluted soil by incineration, thermal desorption, and soil washing, but these methods are expensive and have negative effect to the environment. Another way is bioremediation as a competitive alternative to convert pollution into less toxic form (Hidayat & Tachibana, 2015). Microbial degradation is believed to be one of the main ways to clean up the chrysene-contaminated environment.…”