Simple measuring techniques for the determination of bubble- and bulk-phase velocities in bioreactors

Measurement techniques for local and global fluid dynamic quantities in two and three phase systems

“…An interesting alternative to ithe intrusive kind of probes of the kind discussed above is the Ultrasound Doppler Technique ( Hilgert and Hofmann, 1986;Lubbert et al, 1987;Broring et al 1991). Since bubbles are good reflectors of ultrasound, some of the energy of a beam of ultrasound transmitted through the flow dispersion gets reflected into a detector.…”

Measurement techniques for local and global fluid dynamic quantities in two and three phase systems

“…An interesting alternative to the intrusive kind of probes of the kind discussed above is the Ultrasound Doppler Technique (Hilgert and Hofmann, 1986;Lubbert et al, 1987;Broring et al 1991). Since bubbles are good reflectors of ultrasound, some of the energy of a beam of ultrasound transmitted through the flow dispersion gets reflected into a detector.…”

Characterization of Bioreactors by Mass Spectrometry Analysis

“…If there already exists a mass filter detector as an analytical measuring device, the spectrum of its use can be extended to gain additional valuable data on the production system. All integral measuring methods discussed in this paper are complementary to the modern local measuring methods presented by Luebbert et al (1986) in obtaining information on the fluiddynamics which governs the transport properties of biochemical reactors.…”