“…Besides, nanosheets and other hollow-structured nanomaterials can increase the loading efficiency of agents on grounds of their large surface area that enhances signal (Zhu et al, 2017). Lopa et al (2019) developed a AuNP modified titanium (Ti) metal substrate to detect cTnI based on DNA aptamer. AuNPs were deposited on Ti sheets by the potential-step deposition method.…”
Section: Electrical and Reductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The sensor obtained high sensitivity and specificity with the assistance of the AuNP-Ti layer and detected cTnI with the minimum detection limit of ca. 0.18 pM (Lopa et al, 2019).…”
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death and morbidity in the world and are a major contributor to healthcare costs. Although enormous progress has been made in diagnosing CVD, there is an urgent need for more efficient early detection and the development of novel diagnostic tools. Currently, CVD diagnosis relies primarily on clinical symptoms based on molecular imaging (MOI) or biomarkers associated with CVDs. However, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the assay are still challenging for early-stage CVDs. Nanomaterial platform has been identified as a promising candidate for improving the practical usage of diagnostic tools because of their unique physicochemical properties. In this review article, we introduced cardiac biomarkers and imaging techniques that are currently used for CVD diagnosis. We presented the applications of various nanotechnologies on diagnosis within cardiac immunoassays (CIAs) and molecular imaging. We also summarized and compared different cardiac immunoassays based on their sensitivities and working ranges of biomarkers.
“…Besides, nanosheets and other hollow-structured nanomaterials can increase the loading efficiency of agents on grounds of their large surface area that enhances signal (Zhu et al, 2017). Lopa et al (2019) developed a AuNP modified titanium (Ti) metal substrate to detect cTnI based on DNA aptamer. AuNPs were deposited on Ti sheets by the potential-step deposition method.…”
Section: Electrical and Reductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The sensor obtained high sensitivity and specificity with the assistance of the AuNP-Ti layer and detected cTnI with the minimum detection limit of ca. 0.18 pM (Lopa et al, 2019).…”
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death and morbidity in the world and are a major contributor to healthcare costs. Although enormous progress has been made in diagnosing CVD, there is an urgent need for more efficient early detection and the development of novel diagnostic tools. Currently, CVD diagnosis relies primarily on clinical symptoms based on molecular imaging (MOI) or biomarkers associated with CVDs. However, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the assay are still challenging for early-stage CVDs. Nanomaterial platform has been identified as a promising candidate for improving the practical usage of diagnostic tools because of their unique physicochemical properties. In this review article, we introduced cardiac biomarkers and imaging techniques that are currently used for CVD diagnosis. We presented the applications of various nanotechnologies on diagnosis within cardiac immunoassays (CIAs) and molecular imaging. We also summarized and compared different cardiac immunoassays based on their sensitivities and working ranges of biomarkers.
“…), glucose oxidase (GOx), bovine serum albumin (BSA), DA, ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), 1-ethyl-3-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na 2 HPO 4 ), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4 ), and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The phosphate buffer (PB, 0.1 M) saline with pH = 7.0 was prepared by mixing an appropriate amount of Na 2 HPO 4 and NaH 2 PO 4 , according to a previously reported method [24]. All of the solutions used in this experiment were prepared using ultrapure water, which was acquired from a water purifying system (18 MΩ•cm).…”
Section: Chemicals and Reagentsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…During the course of experiments, the geometric surface area of all electrodes was confined to ca. 0.32 cm 2 by an O-ring (with negligible distortion or deformation) in an electrochemical cell and used for SAM formation and the binding of antibody and antigen [24]. The unoccupied surface of FTO electrode was secured due to the complete isolation of the analyte solution which did not show any interference to the performance of the immunosensor.…”
Section: Preparation Of Anti-α-syn/cys/fto Probementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among these methods, electrochemical detection methods are highly advantageous due to their high sensitivity, low-cost, easiness for miniaturization, and point-of-care testing. Moreover, the electrochemical methods show great potential for in-vivo and in-vitro detection [24][25][26]. With the rapid advancements of bio-electrochemical technology and nanomaterials, electrochemical immunoassay based on the natural recognition between antigen and antibody appears to be the most promising method [27,28].…”
This research demonstrated the development of a simple, cost-effective, and label-free immunosensor for the detection of α-synuclein (α-Syn) based on a cystamine (CYS) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) decorated fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode. CYS-SAM was formed onto the FTO electrode by the adsorption of CYS molecules through the head sulfur groups. The free amine (–NH2) groups at the tail of the CYS-SAM enabled the immobilization of anti-α-Syn-antibody, which concurrently allowed the formation of immunocomplex by covalent bonding with α-Syn-antigen. The variation of the concentrations of the attached α-Syn at the immunosensor probe induced the alternation of the current and the charge transfer resistance (Rct) for the redox response of [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−, which displayed a linear dynamic range from 10 to 1000 ng/mL with a low detection limit (S/N = 3) of ca. 3.62 and 1.13 ng/mL in differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) measurements, respectively. The immunosensor displayed good reproducibility, anti-interference ability, and good recoveries of α-Syn detection in diluted human serum samples. The proposed immunosensor is a promising platform to detect α-Syn for the early diagnose of Parkinson’s disease, which can be extended for the determination of other biologically important biomarkers.
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