“…Luminol and its derivatives are widely used in ECL immunoassays due to their low excitation potential. [16][17][18] Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is usually used as the co-reactant for luminol to further reduce its excitation potential and increase its ECL intensity. However, under neutral conditions, the reaction rate of the luminol-H 2 O 2 system is slow, and only a quite low ECL signal can be generated, which is unfavorable to the requirement of common highly sensitive ECL analysis and detection.…”