Simple, efficient, and eco‐friendly sample preparation for simultaneous determination of paracetamol and chloramphenicol in meat

Abstract

We have developed and validated a simple, eco‐friendly, and reliable method to simultaneously determine paracetamol and chloramphenicol in meat with ultra performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The samples were firstly extracted with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid–McIlvaine's buffer and then purified by solid‐phase extraction by using a novel core‐shell polyaniline/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers mat. Compared with existing methods for the two analytes, the proposed method was simplified greatly with much fewer sample preparation steps, consumed much less time (< 2 min per sample) and organic solvent (0.7 mL per sample). Low detection levels (0.15–0.20 µg/kg for paracetamol, 0.01 µg/kg for chloramphenicol) with good precision and recoveries of the target compounds were obtained. The proposed method was applied to determine the residual paracetamol and chloramphenicol in pork, chicken, and beef samples, and the test results were consistent with those using the Chinese national standard methods, which demonstrates the reliability and practicality of the new method.

Different chromatographic methods for determination of alogliptin benzoate, metformin hydrochloride, and metformin impurity in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form

“…Different chromatographic separation techniques including TLC‐densitometric and RP‐HPLC methods were commonly applied for separation and simultaneous determination of different drug mixtures [38–42]. TLC‐densitometric method requires minimal sample preparation, time‐saving, and cost‐effective, and RP‐HPLC method is characterized by high selectivity and sensitivity.…”

Determination of antibiotics in meat samples using analytical methodologies: A review

“…In addition, saline solutions, for instance, EDTA‐McIlvaine buffer (Jian et al., 2019; Rezaee & Khalilian, 2018), Na 2 SO 4 /MgSO 4 /NaCl (Kemokgatla, 2017), and Britton‐Robinson buffer with TCA (Rahimi et al., 2017) have been also employed. Once in solution, some sample preparation treatments for purification and enrichment of APs including LLE (Barreto et al., 2016; Zhou et al., 2020), DLLME (Kemokgatla, 2017; Rezaee & Khalilian, 2018), traditional SPE (Anderson et al., 2016; Jian et al., 2019; Kikuchi et al., 2017; Rahimi et al., 2017; Rezaee & Khalilian, 2018; Saito‐Shida et al., 2019), DSPE (Imran et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2017), DSPME (Y. Wang et al., 2017), and thin layer chromatography (TLC; Zhou et al., 2020) have been used.…”

“…Table 5 shows a summary of the most representative methods for APs extraction and determination in meats from animal origin. Several methods have been reported for extraction and determination of CAP (V. Amelin et al., 2017; Jian et al., 2019; Rahimi et al., 2017; Rezaee & Khalilian, 2018; Y. Wang et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2017) or FFC (Anderson et al., 2016; Fahim et al., 2018; Imran et al., 2017; Nasim et al., 2016; Zhou et al., 2020). For example, Rahimi et al.…”

“…For APs extraction, meat tissues have been mixed with different solutions such as HCl (Saito‐Shida, Shiono, Narushima, Nemoto, & Akiyama, 2019), HCl combined with ethyl acetate (Anderson et al., 2016; Imran et al., 2017; Zhou et al., 2020), HCl with MeOH (Zhang et al., 2017), PBS with ethyl acetate (Fahim et al., 2018; Nasim et al., 2016) or with MeOH (Kikuchi et al., 2017), organic solvents such as ACN (Y. Wang et al., 2017) or ACN combined with formic acid (Amelin & Korotkov, 2017; Rezaee & Khalilian, 2018) and ethyl acetate (Barreto et al., 2016; Imran et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2019). In addition, saline solutions, for instance, EDTA‐McIlvaine buffer (Jian et al., 2019; Rezaee & Khalilian, 2018), Na 2 SO 4 /MgSO 4 /NaCl (Kemokgatla, 2017), and Britton‐Robinson buffer with TCA (Rahimi et al., 2017) have been also employed. Once in solution, some sample preparation treatments for purification and enrichment of APs including LLE (Barreto et al., 2016; Zhou et al., 2020), DLLME (Kemokgatla, 2017; Rezaee & Khalilian, 2018), traditional SPE (Anderson et al., 2016; Jian et al., 2019; Kikuchi et al., 2017; Rahimi et al., 2017; Rezaee & Khalilian, 2018; Saito‐Shida et al., 2019), DSPE (Imran et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2017), DSPME (Y. Wang et al., 2017), and thin layer chromatography (TLC; Zhou et al., 2020) have been used.…”

“…Regarding APs determination, LC-MS/MS has been extensively used (V. Amelin Korotkov, 2017;Anderson et al, 2016;Barreto et al, 2016;Imran et al, 2018;Jian et al, 2019;Kemokgatla, 2017;Kikuchi et al, 2017;Saito-Shida et al, 2019;; however, other techniques such as LC-UV (Fahim et al, 2018;Nasim et al, 2016;Rahimi et al, 2017;Rezaee & Khalilian, 2018;Zhou et al, 2020) and LC-FLD have been also described. determination of CAP (V. Amelin et al, 2017;Jian et al, 2019;Rahimi et al, 2017;Rezaee & Khalilian, 2018;Zhang et al, 2017) or FFC (Anderson et al, 2016;Fahim et al, 2018;Imran et al, 2017;Nasim et al, 2016;Zhou et al, 2020). For example, Rahimi et al developed a sorbent based on polypyrrole, which was used as efficient stationary phase for SPE (in cartridge) for the extraction of CAP from chicken meat, liver and kidney (Rahimi et al, 2017).…”