Simple and Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Williams, Mary Beth; Sommer, John F.

doi:10.4324/9781315809847

Cited by 2 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Positive feedback about the process of group debriefings as an intervention within CISM programmes has been documented in a variety of different contexts involving a diversity of ‘critical events’. For example, police officers involved in the 1995 Oklahoma bombing used group and individual interventions with clinicians specializing in law enforcement issues following the event (Horn, in Williams and Sommers, 2002). Horn (in Williams and Sommers, 2002: 314) noted that a prior history of trauma may either ‘sensitize or immunize officers to subsequent trauma depending on whether or not they had worked the earlier trauma’.…”

Section: Evaluations Of Cisdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, police officers involved in the 1995 Oklahoma bombing used group and individual interventions with clinicians specializing in law enforcement issues following the event (Horn, in Williams and Sommers, 2002). Horn (in Williams and Sommers, 2002: 314) noted that a prior history of trauma may either ‘sensitize or immunize officers to subsequent trauma depending on whether or not they had worked the earlier trauma’. Therefore, a range of interventions was needed to be available to officers on a voluntary basis.…”

Section: Evaluations Of Cisdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a range of interventions was needed to be available to officers on a voluntary basis. Services included residential workshops, one-to-one sessions, chaplaincy and EMDR therapy with positive feedback from participants (Horn, in Williams and Sommers, 2002). The success of the debriefing was considered to arise from using clinicians who were familiar with the context of police work and by offering an eclectic range of interventions which officers could select voluntarily from within a supportive workshop environment.…”

Section: Evaluations Of Cisdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical incident stress management: A review of the literature with implications for social work

Pack

2012

International Social Work

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This article describes the debates in the research literature surrounding the provision of critical incident stress management (CISM) and outlines the implications for social work. The literature reviewed suggests that critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) as an intervention needs to be offered as part of a comprehensive programme of critical incident stress management that is integrated and sensitive to the organizational context. Strengths-based principles need to underpin an integrated critical incident stress management policy that is sensitive to differences in individual responses, organizational contexts and diverse fields of social work practice. Adaptations of Mitchell’s original model of critical incident stress management which aim at mitigating the potential negative impact of critical incidents encountered in the workplace whilst enhancing personal resilience are discussed with reference to recent critiques of this model.

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Section: Evaluations Of Cisdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluations Of Cisdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluations Of Cisdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical incident stress management: A review of the literature with implications for social work

Pack

2012

International Social Work

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“…22 Both groups are trained with high levels of discipline and regimentation to perform duties automatically under duress and to suppress emotional reactions to distress. 22 Military and EFR organizations build attachment through common purpose, camaraderie, and loyalty to fellow service members 22 ; this creates an entwined personal and occupational identity for members. 22 The identity of the member also translates to family members, the "serving family," who share the lifestyle and the anticipation or reality of sacrifices, possible injury, and intensive service periods during natural disasters or overseas conflicts.…”

Section: The Effects Of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder On Emergency F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 Military and EFR organizations build attachment through common purpose, camaraderie, and loyalty to fellow service members 22 ; this creates an entwined personal and occupational identity for members. 22 The identity of the member also translates to family members, the "serving family," who share the lifestyle and the anticipation or reality of sacrifices, possible injury, and intensive service periods during natural disasters or overseas conflicts. 22,23 An understanding of the impacts of PTSD on the families of service populations can provide important information on how to best support the needs of service members.…”

Section: The Effects Of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder On Emergency F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences and perceptions of family members of emergency first responders with post-traumatic stress disorder: a qualitative systematic review

May¹,

Hooff²,

Doherty³

et al. 2023

JBI Evidence Synthesis

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Objective: The objective of this review was to examine the perceptions and experiences of family members of emergency first responders (EFRs) with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Introduction: Research indicates that rates of PTSD in EFRs are approximately double civilian rates; however, little is known about the resultant effects on their family members. This review identifies the qualitative literature and data examining the perceptions and experiences of families with a current or former EFR family member with diagnosed or undiagnosed PTSD. Inclusion criteria: This review included all relevant articles, books, reports, and doctoral theses in English, globally, with no time limits, examining the experiences of family members of current or former EFRs family with diagnosed or undiagnosed PTSD. All possible familial configurations and family members were considered, including nuclear, separated, and blended families, of an EFR. There were no age restrictions on EFRs or their family members, or limitations on recency of service. EFRs included police, ambulance/paramedics, firefighters, and rescue personnel. Methods: The databases searched included MEDLINE (PubMed), PsycINFO (Ovid), Embase, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and Scopus. Hand-searching of relevant journals was conducted across Australian Paramedic, Australasian Journal of Paramedicine, British Paramedic Journal, International Paramedic Practice, Irish Journal of Paramedicine, Journal of Paramedic Practice, Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, and Prehospital Emergency Care. Sources of unpublished studies and gray literature, such as dissertations, were searched via PTSDpubs (ProQuest) and OpenGrey (DANS EASY Data Archive). The search was updated in October 2021. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened by 2 independent reviewers against the inclusion criteria, and any conflicting views were resolved by discussion. Results were critically appraised for methodological quality. Post–data extraction results were synthesized and evaluated for credibility and dependability in accordance with the a priori protocol. Results: The search yielded 1264 records and 48 were deemed eligible for full-text review. Seven studies were critically appraised, and 5 studies were agreed upon for inclusion in the synthesis. From these 5 studies, 53 findings were extracted with associated illustrations and synthesized into 9 categories. Following meta-aggregation, 4 broad synthesized findings were developed: i) Changed family member roles, spousal relationships difficulties, and family functioning when living with an EFR with PTSD; ii) Spouses of an EFR with PTSD may experience vicarious trauma, secondary trauma, and/or overburden as a consequence of protecting the family unit; iii) Children of an EFR parent with PTSD may experience secondary trauma, vicarious trauma, and/or separation anxiety; and iv) Spouses’ help-seeking and support needs for their EFR partners with PTSD, their children, and themselves. The first 3 findings received a low ConQual score due to low dependability and moderate credibility. The final finding received a moderate ConQual score due to low dependability and high credibility. Conclusions: The findings of the 5 qualitative studies included in the review showed significant mental health and functional impacts for family members of EFR with PTSD. Most studies focused on spouses, with some limited data on children. Two of the 5 studies focused on the 9/11 World Trade Center terrorist attacks in the United States. The findings also indicate the need for targeted psychological and social services for EFR family members. Recommendations derived from the synthesized findings of this review include the need for further qualitative research, not only to deepen the understanding about the impacts and needs of EFR with PTSD on family members, but also to inform the design and provision of support services. Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO CRD42020196605

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Simple and Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Critical incident stress management: A review of the literature with implications for social work

Critical incident stress management: A review of the literature with implications for social work

Experiences and perceptions of family members of emergency first responders with post-traumatic stress disorder: a qualitative systematic review

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