Simple and accurate methods for quantifying deformation, disruption, and development in biological tissues

Boyle, John J.; Kume, Maiko; Wyczalkowski, Matthew A.; Taber, Larry A.; Pless, Robert; Xia, Younan; Genin, Guy M.; Thomopoulos, Stavros

doi:10.1098/rsif.2014.0685

Cited by 36 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The method shows that surface motion can be tracked by utilizing inherent structural properties of the tissue. This approach could be combined with methods such as those of Boyle et al 6 or Witzenburg et al 38 to identify damaged or remodeled regions in a tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marker-Free Tracking of Facet Capsule Motion Using Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography

et al. 2015

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We proposed and tested a method by which surface strains of biological tissues can be captured without the use of fiducial markers by instead, utilizing the inherent structure of the tissue. We used polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS OCT) to obtain volumetric data through the thickness and across a partial surface of the lumbar facet capsular ligament (FCL) during three cases of static bending. Reflectivity and phase retardance were calculated from two polarization channels, and a power spectrum analysis was performed on each a-line to extract the dominant banding frequency (a measure of degree of fiber alignment) through the maximum value of the power spectrum (maximum power). Maximum powers of all a-lines for each case were used to create 2D visualizations, which were subsequently tracked via digital image correlation. In-plane strains were calculated from measured 2D deformations and converted to 3D surface strains by including out-of-plane motion obtained from the PS OCT image. In-plane strains correlated with 3D strains (R2 ≥ 0.95). Using PS OCT for marker-free motion tracking of biological tissues is a promising new technique because it relies on the structural characteristics of the tissue to monitor displacement instead of external fiducial markers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marker-Free Tracking of Facet Capsule Motion Using Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography

et al. 2015

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“…Five locations along the length of each specimen were chosen based on identification of distinct features that were tracked using an image registration algorithm. For each successive frame, the regions were tracked using a Newton-Raphson-like method that computes pixel displacements [23]. The manifold was broken into individual segments bounded by a tracked region on either side for 1-dimensional strain calculations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-mechanical properties of the tendon-to-bone attachment

Deymier

Boyle

et al. 2017

Acta Biomaterialia

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The tendon-to-bone attachment (enthesis) is a complex hierarchical tissue that connects stiff bone to compliant tendon. The attachment site at the micrometer scale exhibits gradients in mineral content and collagen orientation, which likely act to minimize stress concentrations. The physiological micromechanics of the attachment thus define resultant performance, but difficulties in sample preparation and mechanical testing at this scale have restricted understanding of structure-mechanical function. Here, microscale beams from entheses of wild type mice and mice with mineral defects were prepared using cryo-focused ion beam milling and pulled to failure using a modified atomic force microscopy system. Micromechanical behavior of tendon-to-bone structures, including elastic modulus, strength, resilience, and toughness, were obtained. Results demonstrated considerably higher mechanical performance at the micrometer length scale compared to the millimeter tissue length scale, describing enthesis material properties without the influence of higher order structural effects such as defects. Micromechanical investigation revealed a decrease in strength in entheses with mineral defects. To further examine structure-mechanical function relationships, local deformation behavior along the tendon-to-bone attachment was determined using local image correlation. A high compliance zone near the mineralized gradient of the attachment was clearly identified and highlighted the lack of correlation between mineral distribution and strain on the low-mineral end of the attachment. This compliant region is proposed to act as an energy absorbing component, limiting catastrophic failure within the tendon-to-bone attachment through higher local deformation. This understanding of tendon-to-bone micromechanics demonstrates the critical role of micrometer scale features in the mechanics of the tissue.

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“…Strain was calculated using a combination of optical and machine outputs. A strain-tracking algorithm was used to determine strain on video captured during testing [30]. The dimensions of the sample were determined from calibrated points on the fixtures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toughening of fibrous scaffolds by mobile mineral deposits

et al. 2017

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Partially mineralized fibrous tissue situated between tendon and bone is believed to be tougher than either tendon or bone, possibly serving as a compliant, energy absorptive, protective barrier between the two. This tissue does not reform following surgical repair (e.g., rotator cuff tendon-to-bone re-attachment) and might be a factor in the poor outcomes following such surgeries. Towards our long-term goal of tissue engineered solutions to functional tendon-to-bone re-attachment, we tested the hypotheses that partially mineralized fibrous matrices can derive toughness from mobility of mineral along their fibers, and that in such cases toughness is maximized at levels of mineralization sufficiently low to allow substantial mobility. Nanofibrous electrospun poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds mineralized for prescribed times were fabricated as model systems to test these hypotheses. Tensile tests performed at varying angles relative to the dominant fiber direction confirmed that mineral cross-linked PLGA nanofibers without adhering to them. Peel tests revealed that fracture toughness increased with mineralization time up to a peak value, then subsequently decreased with increasing mineralization time back to the baseline toughness of unmineralized scaffolds. These experimental results were predicted by a theoretical model combining mineral growth kinetics with fracture energetics, suggesting that toughness increased with mineralization time until mineral mobility was attenuated by steric hindrance, then returned to baseline levels following the rigid percolation threshold. Results supported our hypotheses, and motivate further study of the roles of mobile mineral particles in toughening the tendon-to-bone attachment.

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Simple and accurate methods for quantifying deformation, disruption, and development in biological tissues

Cited by 36 publications

References 29 publications

Marker-Free Tracking of Facet Capsule Motion Using Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography

Marker-Free Tracking of Facet Capsule Motion Using Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography

Micro-mechanical properties of the tendon-to-bone attachment

Toughening of fibrous scaffolds by mobile mineral deposits

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