Toughening of fibrous scaffolds by mobile mineral deposits

Lipner, Justin; Boyle, John J.; Xia, Younan; Birman, Victor; Genin, Guy M.; Thomopoulos, Stavros

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2017.05.033

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…To clarify the role that changes in crystal size and orientation may have on enthesis mechanics, a rotation model was analyzed. Motion of mineral relative to collagen fibers requires work and can serve as a means of mechanical energy absorption [67, 68]. It has previously been shown that, even in densely mineralized tissues such as bone, mineral crystals rotate within the tissue during loading [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multiscale structural and mechanical effects of mouse supraspinatus muscle unloading on the mature enthesis

et al. 2019

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The musculoskeletal system is sensitive to its loading environment; this is of particular concern under conditions such as disuse, paralysis, and extended-duration space flight. Although structural and mechanical changes to tendon and bone following paralysis and disuse are well understood, there is a pressing need to understand how this unloading affects the bone-tendon interface (enthesis); the location most prone to tears and injury. We therefore elucidated these effects of unloading in the entheses of adult mice shoulders that were paralyzed for 21 days by treatment with botulinum toxin A. Unloading significantly increased the extent of mechanical failure and was associated with structural changes across hierarchical scales. At the millimeter scale, unloading caused bone loss. At the micrometer scale, unloading decreased bioapatite crystal size and crystallographic alignment in the enthesis. At the nanometer scale, unloading induced compositional changes that stiffened the bioapatite/collagen composite tissue. Mathematical modeling and mechanical testing indicated that these factors combined to increase local elevations of stress while decreasing the ability of the tissue to absorb energy prior to failure, thereby increasing injury risk. These first observations of the multiscale effects of unloading on the adult enthesis provide new insight into the hierarchical features of structure and composition that endow the enthesis with increased resistance to failure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multiscale structural and mechanical effects of mouse supraspinatus muscle unloading on the mature enthesis

et al. 2019

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“…Mobility of crosslinking nanoparticles is hypothesized to endow networks with enhanced toughness. 392–394 Several successful classes of hybrid hydrogels containing nanoparticles or nanostructures have been developed. These include inorganic and non-metallic nanoparticles ( e.g.…”

Section: Functional and Biomimetic Materials Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and Biomimetic Materials for Engineering of the Three-Dimensional Cell Microenvironment

et al. 2017

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The cell microenvironment has emerged as a key determinant of cell behavior and function in development, physiology, and pathophysiology. The extracellular matrix (ECM) within the cell microenvironment serves not only as a structural foundation for cells but also as a source of three-dimensional (3D) biochemical and biophysical cues that trigger and regulate cell behaviors. Increasing evidence suggests that the 3D character of the microenvironment is required for development of many critical cell responses observed in vivo, fueling a surge in the development of functional and biomimetic materials for engineering the 3D cell microenvironment. Progress in the design of such materials has improved control of cell behaviors in 3D and advanced the fields of tissue regeneration, in vitro tissue models, large-scale cell differentiation, immunotherapy, and gene therapy. However, the field is still in its infancy, and discoveries about the nature of cell-microenvironment interactions continue to overturn much early progress in the field. Key challenges continue to be dissecting the roles of chemistry, structure, mechanics, and electrophysiology in the cell microenvironment, and understanding and harnessing the roles of periodicity and drift in these factors. This review encapsulates where recent advances appear to leave the ever-shifting state of the art, and it highlights areas in which substantial potential and uncertainty remain.

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“…A role of collagen fibre recruitment and buckling has been recognized since the 1930s [15], and a range of continuum models using statistical distributions of collagen fibres and their crimping exist to accurately predict the associated nonlinear behaviour of uniaxially loaded tendons [16][17][18][19]. From the continuum standpoint, many features of the tendon-to-bone attachment appear well-suited to enabling touch attachment, including the spatial distribution of mechanical properties across the enthesis [20][21][22], inelastic deformation [23] and the scarf angle of the insertion [22,24]. These factors are crucial for avoiding the continuum singularities that can arise at the interfaces between dissimilar materials, and in different ways relate to a role of spatially varying features and anatomic geometry on load resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enthesis strength, toughness and stiffness: an image-based model comparing tendon insertions with varying bony attachment geometries

Golman

Birman

Thomopoulos

et al. 2021

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Tendons of the body differ dramatically in their function, mechanics and range of motion, but all connect to bone via an enthesis. Effective force transfer at the enthesis enables joint stability and mobility, with strength and stiffness arising from a fibrous architecture. However, how enthesis toughness arises across tendons with diverse loading orientations remains unclear. To study this, we performed simultaneous imaging of the bone and tendon in entheses that represent the range of tendon-to-bone insertions and extended a mathematical model to account for variations in insertion and bone geometry. We tested the hypothesis that toughness, across a range of tendon entheses, could be explained by differences observed in interactions between fibre architecture and bone architecture. In the model, toughness arose from fibre reorientation, recruitment and rupture, mediated by interactions between fibres at the enthesis and the bony ridge abutting it. When applied to tendons sometimes characterized as either energy-storing or positional, the model predicted that entheses of the former prioritize toughness over strength, while those of the latter prioritize consistent stiffness across loading directions. Results provide insight into techniques for surgical repair of tendon-to-bone attachments, and more broadly into mechanisms for the attachment of highly dissimilar materials.

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Toughening of fibrous scaffolds by mobile mineral deposits

Cited by 16 publications

References 64 publications

The multiscale structural and mechanical effects of mouse supraspinatus muscle unloading on the mature enthesis

The multiscale structural and mechanical effects of mouse supraspinatus muscle unloading on the mature enthesis

Functional and Biomimetic Materials for Engineering of the Three-Dimensional Cell Microenvironment

Enthesis strength, toughness and stiffness: an image-based model comparing tendon insertions with varying bony attachment geometries

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