Similar Metabolic Changes Induced by HIPVs Exposure as Herbivore in Ammopiptanthus mongolicus

Abstract

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are important compounds to prim neighboring undamaged plants; however, the mechanism for this priming process remains unclear. To reveal metabolic changes in plants exposed to HIPVs, metabolism of leaves and roots of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seedlings exposed to HIPVs released from conspecific plants infested with larvae of Orgyia ericae were analyzed together with control and infested seedlings using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolic technology and multi variate data analysis. Results presented showed that HIPVs exposure led to similar but specific metabolic changes compared with those induced by infestation in both leaves and roots. Furthermore, both HIPVs exposure and herbivore attack resulted in metabolic changes involving a series of primary and secondary metabolites in both leaves and roots. Taken together, these results suggested that priming of yet-damaged plants may be achieved by reconfiguring metabolic pathways in leaves and roots to make similar concentrations for all metabolites as those in seedlings infested. Therefore, we propose that improved readiness of defense induction of primed plants toward subsequent herbivore attack may be based on the similar metabolic profiling induced by HIPVs exposure as those caused by herbivore.

Analysis of Plant Metabolites Damaged in Chemical Accidents Using NMR Spectroscopy

“…Previous studies were used to assign peaks and chemical shift regions. 7,[17][18][19][20] We found that there was no significant change between the three spectra, but there was a difference in peak intensity in the unsaturated fatty acid region near 2 ppm and in the polyunsaturated fatty acid region near 2.8 ppm. When oak leaves are exposed to chemicals, the intensity of the peak is reduced in the aldehyde region of 8-12 ppm.…”

“…Figure 1 shows the results of 1 H solution‐state NMR experiments on insoluble extracts of oak leaves. Previous studies were used to assign peaks and chemical shift regions 7,17–20 . We found that there was no significant change between the three spectra, but there was a difference in peak intensity in the unsaturated fatty acid region near 2 ppm and in the polyunsaturated fatty acid region near 2.8 ppm.…”

“…To this end, measurement techniques were assessed for analysis of the molecular structure of chemicals in solid plant samples by referring to published papers and databases available in domestic and international journals. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] After a pretreatment method was established, analysis of chemical accident-induced damage to plants was carried out using solution-state NMR, high-resolution magic angle spinning NMR (HR-MAS NMR), and solid-state NMR. Solutionstate NMR shows sharp peaks due to fast tumbling, but can only measure substances that are soluble in solvents and it is important to find a suitable solvent.…”

“…It is intended to contribute to the preparation of objects and methodologies for loss estimation. To this end, measurement techniques were assessed for analysis of the molecular structure of chemicals in solid plant samples by referring to published papers and databases available in domestic and international journals 7–20 . After a pretreatment method was established, analysis of chemical accident‐induced damage to plants was carried out using solution‐state NMR, high‐resolution magic angle spinning NMR (HR‐MAS NMR), and solid‐state NMR.…”

Insights into the molecular-level effects of atmospheric and room-temperature plasma on mononucleotides and single-stranded homo- and hetero-oligonucleotides

“…After repeated lyophilization with D 2 O solution, the freeze-dried samples were dissolved in 0.5 mL of 99% D 2 O (Sigma) for NMR studies. 31 P-and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy were performed according to the reference with slight modification 41,42 . Briefly, for 31 P-NMR spectroscopy, the solution-state 31P NMR spectra were acquired at 24 °C using a JEOL ECA 600 spectrometer (JEOL Ltd., Japan) operating at 243 MHz with a 45° pulse width (5.2 µs pulse), an acquisition time of 0.77 s (50 ppm window centered at 0 ppm), a delay time of 2.0 s. The chemical shifts were determined in relation to external 85% H 3 PO 4 (at δ = 0).…”