Simian TT virus (s-TTV) infection in patients with liver diseases

Iwaki, Yoko; Aiba, Naoto; Tran, Huy; Ding, Xin; Hayashi, Shigeki; Arakawa, Yasuyuki; Sata, Tetsutaro; Abe, Kenji

doi:10.1016/s1386-6346(02)00250-4

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, it is now well established that TTV variants in nonhuman primates are species-specific [5,23,24,35,58] and that TTVs from macaques and tamarins are increasingly divergent from TTV variants infecting humans and chimpanzees [35]. Recent evidence shows that simian TTV can infect humans, as it has been observed that approximately 10% of Japanese patients with liver diseases are infected with simian TTV, although the mode of transmission of the infection from animals to humans has not been demonstrated [59]. Furthermore, TTV DNA has been detected in serum samples obtained from wild and domesticated animals, including chickens, pigs, wild boars, camels, cats, dogs, pine martens, sea lions, cows, and sheep [3,5].…”

Section: Animal Ttvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global impact of Torque teno virus infection in wild and domesticated animals

Mallus

Macera

Maggi

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Infection with Torque teno viruses (TTVs) is not restricted to humans. Different domestic and wild animal species are naturally infected with species-specific TTVs worldwide. Due to the global spread of the infection, it is likely that essentially all animals are naturally infected with species-specific TTVs, and that co-evolution of TTVs with their hosts probably occurred. Although TTVs are potentially related to many diseases, the evidence of the widespread infection in healthy human and nonhuman hosts raised doubts about their pathogenic potential. Nonetheless, their role as superimposed agents of other diseases or as triggers for impairment of immune surveillance is currently under debate. The possible contribution of animal TT viruses to interspecies transmission and their role as zoonotic agents are currently topics of discussion.

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Section: Animal Ttvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global impact of Torque teno virus infection in wild and domesticated animals

Mallus

Macera

Maggi

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…The simian TTV was first discovered in 2003 in Japan [136]. The simian TTV has been detected in the apes, chimpanzees, African monkeys, gibbons and in tupaias [126,134].…”

Section: Animal Torque Teno Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the simian TTV and human TTV share closely related genome organization, having 85% sequence similarity [37,136]. The route of transmission from monkeys to humans is still unknown [136].…”

Section: Animal Torque Teno Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current and Future Prospects of Torque Teno Virus

Elsaie¹

2013

J Vaccines Vaccin

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Human health has a significant importance and it is directly affected by a number of factors like different diseases including microbial and viral infections. Up till now we have paid attention to the disease causing viruses and pathogens and less has been investigated about the usefulness of normal viral flora. One such orphan virus is Torque Teno Virus (TTV). The virus is present in healthy as well as diseased population, indicating its high prevalence. The virus is ubiquitous to human body as it is present in almost all tissues and organs and this is the property that can be utilized for targeted drug delivery. Another potentially useful property of this virus is TTV derived Apoptosis Inducing protein that can be a hope for the affectees.

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“…Notably, and in contrast with other non-human primates and other animal species, chimpanzees are also infected with TTMVs (Okamoto et al, 2000b). Chimpanzees have been experimentally infected with human TTVs and a simian TTV was detected in a human host (Iwaki et al, 2003; Luo et al, 2000;Mushahwar et al, 1999; Okamoto et al, 2000a, b;Tawara et al, 2000), suggesting the occurrence of cross-species transmission of TTVs between humans and chimpanzees. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both chimpanzee TTVs and TTMVs were interspersed with human TTVs and TTMVs, respectively (Ninomiya et al, 2007a;Thom et al, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the entire genomes of torque teno midi virus variants in chimpanzees: infrequent cross-species infection between humans and chimpanzees

Ninomiya

Takahashi

Hoshino

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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Humans are frequently infected with three anelloviruses which have circular DNA genomes of 3.6-3.9 kb [Torque teno virus (TTV)], 2.8-2.9 kb [Torque teno mini virus (TTMV)] and 3.2 kb [a recently discovered anellovirus named Torque teno midi virus (TTMDV)]. Unexpectedly, human TTMDV DNA was not detectable in any of 74 chimpanzees tested, although all but one tested positive for both human TTV and TTMV DNA. Using universal primers for anelloviruses, novel variants of TTMDV that are phylogenetically clearly separate from human TTMDV were identified from chimpanzees, and over the entire genome, three chimpanzee TTMDV variants differed by 17.9-20.3 % from each other and by 40.4-43.6 % from all 18 reported human TTMDVs. A newly developed PCR assay that uses chimpanzee TTMDV-specific primers revealed the high prevalence of chimpanzee TTMDV in chimpanzees (63/74, 85 %) but low prevalence in humans (1/100). While variants of TTV and TTMV from chimpanzees and humans were phylogenetically interspersed, those of TTMDV were monophyletic for each species, with sequence diversity of ,33 and ,20 % within the 18 human and three chimpanzee TTMDV variants, respectively. Maximum within-group divergence values for TTV and TTMV were 51 and 57 %, respectively; both of these values were substantially greater than the maximum divergence among TTMDV variants (44 %), consistent with a later evolutionary emergence of TTMDV. However, substantiation of this hypothesis will require further analysis of genetic diversity using an expanded dataset of TTMDV variants in humans and chimpanzees. Similarly, the underlying mechanism of observed infrequent cross-species infection of TTMDV between humans and chimpanzees deserves further analysis. INTRODUCTIONTorque teno virus (TTV) was first discovered in the serum of a patient with cryptogenic hepatitis following transfusion in 1997 (Nishizawa et al., 1997;Okamoto et al., 1998). In 2000, torque teno mini virus (TTMV) was accidentally identified by PCR using TTV-specific primers that partially matched homologous sequences but generated unexpectedly shorter amplicons . TTV and TTMV are both small, unenveloped spherical viruses with circular single-stranded DNA genomes of 3.6-3.9 and 2.8-2.9 kb, respectively (Miyata et al., 1999;Mushahwar et al., 1999;Okamoto et al., 1998Okamoto et al., , 1999Okamoto et al., , 2000bTakahashi et al., 2000;Peng et al., 2002). The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses officially classified TTV and TTMV into the new floating genus Anellovirus (Biagini et al., 2005).Recently, a third group of TTV-like viruses, termed small anellovirus (SAV) types 1 and 2 (SAV-1 and SAV-2) were cloned from plasma samples of individuals at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (Jones et al., 2005). Further characterization revealed that these viruses have a circular DNA genome of 3.2 kb, intermediate in size between TTV and TTMV, but with an otherwise similar genomic organization (Ninomiya et al., 3Present address: Department of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University...

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Simian TT virus (s-TTV) infection in patients with liver diseases

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Global impact of Torque teno virus infection in wild and domesticated animals

Global impact of Torque teno virus infection in wild and domesticated animals

Current and Future Prospects of Torque Teno Virus

Analysis of the entire genomes of torque teno midi virus variants in chimpanzees: infrequent cross-species infection between humans and chimpanzees

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