Simian T cell leukaemia virus type I subtype B in a wild-caught gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes vellerosus) from Cameroon

Nerrienet, Eric; Meertens, Laurent; Kfutwah, Anfumbom; Foupouapouognigni, Yacouba; Ayouba, Ahidjo; Gessain, Antoine

doi:10.1099/vir.0.19314-0

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…In some instances, STLV-1 infection has been related to lymphomas and leukemias in monkeys (Sakakibara et al, 1986). STLV-1 sequences have been identified in a wild-caught gorilla and a chimpanzee in Cameroon (Nerrienet et al, 2004) that are similar to the sequence of HTLV-1 of central African subtype B, supporting the suggestion that HTLV-1 subtypes in humans have arisen from separate interspecies transmissions from STLV-1 infected monkeys (Vandamme et al, 1998).…”

Section: Human T-lymphotropic Virusessupporting

confidence: 52%

Zoonoses in the Emergence of Human Viral Diseases

Åsjö

Kruse²

2006

Perspectives in Medical Virology

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Viral zoonoses have represented a significant public health problem throughout history, affecting all continents. Furthermore, many viral zoonoses have emerged or reemerged in recent years, highlighting the importance of such diseases. Emerging viral zoonoses encompass a vast number of different viruses and many different transmission modes. There are many factors influencing the epidemiology of the various zoonoses, such as ecological changes, changes in agriculture and food production, the movement of pathogens, including via travel and trade, human behavior and demographical factors, and microbial changes and adaptation. Costeffective prevention and control of emerging viral zoonoses necessitates an interdisciplinary and holistic approach and international cooperation. Surveillance, laboratory capability, research, training and education, and last but not least, information and communication are key elements.

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Section: Human T-lymphotropic Virusessupporting

confidence: 52%

Zoonoses in the Emergence of Human Viral Diseases

Åsjö

Kruse²

2006

Perspectives in Medical Virology

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“…If such events are relatively recent and if the genetic variability of STLV-1 and HTLV-1 is very low, over time this will lead to some genetic diversity in human HTLV-1, mimicking the diversity originally present in ape STLV-1. This might be the case in some instances, as some HTLV-1 strains in central Africa have been found to be nearly identical to the STLV-1 found in chimpanzees or gorillas in Gabon or Cameroon (42,58), and some of our samples were closely related to the STLV-1 sequences obtained from chimpanzees and gorillas, with less than 1% divergence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

New Insights into Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Proviral Load of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Types 1 and 2 in Pregnant Women in Gabon in Equatorial Central Africa

et al. 2008

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Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is highly endemic in areas of central Africa; mother-to-child transmission and sexual transmission are considered to be the predominant routes. To determine the prevalence and subtypes of HTLV-1/2 in pregnant women in Gabon, we conducted an epidemiological survey in the five main cities of the country. In 907 samples, the HTLV-1 seroprevalence was 2.1%, which is lower than that previously reported. Only one case of HTLV-2 infection was found. The HTLV-1 seroprevalence increased with age and differed between regions (P < 0.05), with the highest prevalence (5%) in the southeastern region. A wide range of HTLV-1 proviral loads was observed among the infected women. The level of the proviral load was correlated with a high HTLV-1 antibody titer (P < 0.02). Sequencing of HTLV-1 env and long terminal repeat fragments showed that all but one strain belonged to the central African subtype B; the outlier was of cosmopolitan subtype A. The new strains of subtype B exhibited wide genetic diversity, but there was no evidence of clustering of specific genomes within geographical regions of the country. Some strains were closely related to simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 strains of great apes, suggesting that in these areas some HTLV-1 strains could arise from relatively recent interspecies transmission. The sole HTLV-2 strain belonged to subtype B. In this study we showed that the prevalence of HTLV-1 in the southeast is one of the highest in the world for pregnant women.

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“…STLV-1 belonging to the African subtype B has been documented in captive but wild-caught chimpanzees (P. t. ellioti and P. t. troglodytes) and gorillas from west Central Africa [50]. Approximately 70% of wild chimpanzees in Ivory Coast are infected with STLV-1, and, in addition to subtype B, a variant closely related to STLVs observed in the western red colobus was identified, suggesting cross-species transmission by predation [51].…”

Section: Stlv In Apesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simian retroviruses in African apes

Peeters

Delaporte

2012

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18: 514–520 Abstract It is now well established that simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) from chimpanzees (SIVcpz) and gorillas (SIVgor) from west Central Africa are at the origin of HIV‐1/AIDS. Apes are also infected with other retroviruses, notably simian T‐cell lymphotropic viruses (STLVs) and simian foamy viruses (SFVs), that can be transmitted to humans. We discuss the actual knowledge on SIV, STLV and SFV infections in chimpanzees, gorillas, and bonobos. We especially elaborate on how the recent development of non‐invasive methods has allowed us to identify the reservoirs of the HIV‐1 ancestors in chimpanzees and gorillas, and increased our knowledge of the natural history of SIV infections in chimpanzees. Multiple cross‐species events with retroviruses from apes to humans have occurred, but only one transmission of SIVcpz from chimpanzees in south‐eastern Cameroon spread worldwide, and is responsible for the actual HIV pandemic. Frequent SFV transmissions have been recently reported, but no human‐to‐human transmission has been documented yet. Because humans are still in contact with apes, identification of pathogens in wild ape populations can signal which pathogens may be cause risk for humans, and allow the development of serological and molecular assays with which to detect transmissions to humans. Finally, non‐invasive sampling also allows the study of the impact of retroviruses and other pathogens on the health and survival of endangered species such as chimpanzees, gorillas, and bonobos.

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Simian T cell leukaemia virus type I subtype B in a wild-caught gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes vellerosus) from Cameroon

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

Zoonoses in the Emergence of Human Viral Diseases

Zoonoses in the Emergence of Human Viral Diseases

New Insights into Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Proviral Load of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Types 1 and 2 in Pregnant Women in Gabon in Equatorial Central Africa

Simian retroviruses in African apes

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