Silymarin and vitamin E reduce amiodarone-induced lysosomal phospholipidosis in rats

Ameliorative effect of grapefruit juice on amiodarone–induced cytogenetic and testicular damage in albino rats

“…Group I was considered as control. Group II was given grapefruit juice at a dose level of 27 mL/kg body weight. Group III was orally administered amiodarone (18 in grape fruit and other citrus fruits, has been found to scavenge free radicals that reduce induced damage such as reduction of aberrant cells and chromosomal aberrations [14] .…”

“…It is used at a dose level of 18 mg/kg body weight modified according to therapeutic dose of human, and each animal was orally given 0.5 mL containing the desired dose daily for 5 weeks. The rats in Group IV were given amiodarone (18 mg/kg body weight) followed by grapefruit juice (27 mL/kg body weight) daily for 5 weeks.…”

“…The potential mechanisms of amiodarone toxicity include direct and indirect cytotoxicity. In this concern, Agoston et al reported that amiodarone treatment increased lysosomal phospholipidosis in liver of male Fischer 344 rats [27] . The role played by oxidative stress in amiodarone-induced mitochondrial toxicity was investigated by Serviddio et al [28] .…”

The effect of vitamin C on amiodarone-induced toxicity in rat thymocytes

“…The ability of AMD to generate the free radicals that may be involved in the pathogenesis of its toxicity has been controversial recently: Some studies have proposed this to be the source of its toxicity [11,12] and other authors have argued that oxidative stress is not involved in the pathogenesis of AMD toxicity [13,14]. Further, despite some reports suggesting that the potential mechanisms of AMD-induced toxicity include direct cytotoxicity, the development of lysosomal phospholipidosis, and membrane destabilization [15,12], the precise mechanism of AMD toxicity remains poorly understood.…”

“…Vitamin C enhances antioxidant defenses of T cells, T cells' responsiveness to antigens, and inhibits T cell apoptosis-signaling pathways, indicating a significant role in regulating the immune function [18,19]. Currently, a protective effect of different antioxidants on AMD-induced oxidative stress has been documented in liver [3] and splenocytes [12], but has not been studied in the thymus. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of vitamin C on AMD-induced cytotoxicity in the rat thymus, and to assess whether this effect includes the changes in cellular glutathione content.…”