Silymarin, a Popular Dietary Supplement Shows Anti–Candida Activity

Janeczko, Monika; Kochanowicz, Elżbieta

doi:10.3390/antibiotics8040206

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…With regard to the activity of S. marianum -derived phytochemicals, the antifungal activity of silymarin/silibinin against Candida spp. and its underlying mechanism has been studied by Yun and Lee [ 18 , 61 ] and Janeczko and Kochanowicz [ 62 ]. Fernández, et al [ 63 ] found significant inhibition against Fusarium graminearum Schwabe for four flower defensins from milk thistle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Activity against Botryosphaeriaceae Fungi of the Hydro-Methanolic Extract of Silybum marianum Capitula Conjugated with Stevioside

Langa-Lomba

Buzón-Durán

Sánchez-Hernández

et al. 2021

Plants

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Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn, viz. milk thistle, has been the focus of research efforts in the past few years, albeit almost exclusively restricted to the medicinal properties of its fruits (achenes). Given that other milk thistle plant organs and tissues have been scarcely investigated for the presence of bioactive compounds, in this study, we present a phytochemical analysis of the extracts of S. marianum capitula during the flowering phenological stage (stage 67). Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy results evidenced the presence of high contents of coniferyl alcohol (47.4%), and secondarily of ferulic acid ester, opening a new valorization strategy of this plant based on the former high-added-value component. Moreover, the application of the hydro-methanolic extracts as an antifungal agent has been also explored. Specifically, their activity against three fungal species responsible for the so-called Botryosphaeria dieback of grapevine (Neofusicoccum parvum, Dothiorella viticola and Diplodia seriata) has been assayed both in vitro and in vivo. From the mycelial growth inhibition assays, the best results (EC90 values of 303, 366, and 355 μg·mL−1 for N. parvum, D. viticola, and D. seriata, respectively) were not obtained for the hydroalcoholic extract alone, but after its conjugation with stevioside, which resulted in a strong synergistic behavior. Greenhouse experiments confirmed the efficacy of the conjugated complexes, pointing to the potential of the combination of milk thistle extracts with stevioside as a promising plant protection product in organic Viticulture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Activity against Botryosphaeriaceae Fungi of the Hydro-Methanolic Extract of Silybum marianum Capitula Conjugated with Stevioside

Langa-Lomba

Buzón-Durán

Sánchez-Hernández

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…Among the fungal pathogens, Candida species not only cause mucosal infections but are also responsible for systemic infection in humans . Silymarin inhibits the growth of Candida albicans, possibly via destruction of the membrane, and reduces its virulence through interference with the destabilization of mature biofilms and secretion of hydrolases. − Plasmodium falciparum is the most highly pathogenic human malaria parasite, responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide . Silymarin reduces the viability of P.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Benefits of Silybum marianum: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Applications

Wang

Zhang

2020

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Silybum marianum (SM), a well-known plant used as both a medicine and a food, has been widely used to treat various diseases, especially hepatic diseases. The seeds and fruits of SM contain a flavonolignan complex called silymarin, the active compounds of which include silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, dihydrosilybin, silydianin, and so on. In this review, we thoroughly summarize high-quality publications related to the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of SM. SM has antimicrobial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular-protective, neuroprotective, skin-protective, antidiabetic, and other effects. Importantly, SM also counteracts the toxicities of antibiotics, metals, and pesticides. The diverse pharmacological activities of SM provide scientific evidence supporting its use in both humans and animals. Multiple signaling pathways associated with oxidative stress and inflammation are the common molecular targets of SM. Moreover, the flavonolignans of SM are potential agonists of PPARγ and ABCA1, PTP1B inhibitors, and metal chelators. At the end of the review, the potential and perspectives of SM are discussed, and these insights are expected to facilitate the application of SM and the discovery and development of new drugs. We conclude that SM is an interesting dietary medicine for health enhancement and drug discovery and warrants further investigation.

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“…Data on the antifungal activity of silymarin with 5 reference strains of Candida is known [ 26 ]. Data presented here shows that Silymarin is of potential use in the down regulation of the virulence factors by destabilisation of the mature biofilm by inhibition of hydrolases in the local environment in the context.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein targets in the red complex organisms binding with an herbal compound silymarin

et al. 2020

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Periodontitis is attributed to the dental biofilm formation caused by various microbial changes that occurs in the biofilm. Red complex organisms are a group of organisms linked with periodontal diseases. Therefore, it is of interest to identify potential targets from the red complex organisms to bind with the herbal compound silymarin. We report a list of potential proteins having optimal drug like binding features with the herbal agent silymarin for further consideration. We used the STITCH v.5 pipeline using VICMPred and VirulentPred tools to identify such targets as potential virulent factors in the red complex organisms. We considered the strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277, Treponema denticola ATCC 35405 and Tannerella forsythia ATCC 43037 in the red complex pathogens for this analysis. Protein targets in the red complex organisms with optimal binding features with the herbal compound silymarin were thus identified and reported for further consideration.

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Silymarin, a Popular Dietary Supplement Shows Anti–Candida Activity

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Antifungal Activity against Botryosphaeriaceae Fungi of the Hydro-Methanolic Extract of Silybum marianum Capitula Conjugated with Stevioside

Antifungal Activity against Botryosphaeriaceae Fungi of the Hydro-Methanolic Extract of Silybum marianum Capitula Conjugated with Stevioside

Health Benefits of Silybum marianum: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Applications

Protein targets in the red complex organisms binding with an herbal compound silymarin

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