Silver‐Infused Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework: Surface‐Adaptive, On‐Demand Nanoplatform for Synergistic Bacteria Killing and Wound Disinfection

Abstract

The fabrication of functional nanoplatforms for combating multidrugresistant bacteria is of vital importance. Among them, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have shown an antibacterial effect; however, the remainder cores of Ag NPs after use might have a toxic effect on humans. Thus, Ag ions based materials have been fabricated to substitute Ag NPs for antibacterial applications. Nevertheless, the always-on release state leads to the low biocompatibility, which limits their biomedical applications. In addition, the single effect also restricts their antibacterial ability. Herein, a powerful surface-adaptive, on-demand antimicrobial nanoplatform is fabricated by coating hyaluronic acid (HA) on Ag ions loaded photosensitive metal-organic frameworks to exhibit a strong synergistic effect. The nanoplatform shows good biocompatibility with nontargeted cells, as negatively charged HA can prevent the release of Ag ions. While in the presence of targeted bacteria, the secreted hyaluronidase can degrade HA on the nanoplatform and produce positively charged nanoparticles, which display increased affinity to bacteria and show a strong synergistic antibacterial effect owing to the released Ag ions and generated reactive oxygen species under visible light irradiation. Importantly, due to the outstanding on-demand antimicrobial performance, the nanoplatform also shows great effects on treating multidrug-resistant bacteria infected wounds in mice models.

Metal–Organic Frameworks for Biomedical Applications

“…Qu and co‐workers fabricated an enzyme‐responsive on‐demand antimicrobial porphyrin MOF‐based system (PCN‐224‐Ag‐HA) consisting of Zr 6 clusters and 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐methoxycarbonylphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) ligands for synergistic bacteria killing and wound disinfection upon combination with PDT 65. Thanks to the large surface area and unreacted carboxylic groups, Ag + was efficiently encapsulated in the pores of MOF carrier.…”

Titanium Incorporation into Zr‐Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Antibacterial Activity against Multidrug‐Resistant Pathogens

“…However, the photocatalytic performance of porph‐MOFs for ROS generation is still unsatisfactory for treating bacteria especially in the visible region. Recently, researchers designed MOFs‐based PDT materials cooperating with Ag NPs, glucose oxidase, CeO 2 or Prussian blue to increase antibacterial ability. These nanomaterials, though quite useful and potentially clinically applicable, have low biocompatibility, high cost, poor stability, or dual light illumination needed and no validated effects against MDR bacteria.…”

Porphyrin MOF Dots–Based, Function‐Adaptive Nanoplatform for Enhanced Penetration and Photodynamic Eradication of Bacterial Biofilms

“…Porphyrins and their derivatives are outstanding PSs due to their intense visible‐light absorption and high singlet oxygen quantum yield. More recently, porphyrin‐based metal organic frameworks (pMOFs) have been extensively used in cancer therapy and bacterial treatment since they could effectively avoid the aggregation of porphyrins and significantly enhance their biocompatibility . However, most of the reported pMOFs are too large to pass through the mesh of biofilm matrix and the diffusion channels between bacteria clusters, leading to limited penetration and poor diffusion in biofilms and subsequent treatment failure.…”