Silver/graphene–polypyrrole composite for levosimendan detection

Abstract

This study used a facile method to develop a novel silver/Graphenepolypyrrole (Ag/G-PPy)-modified electrode that can be used as an electrochemical sensor for levosimendan detection. The properties of the synthesized Ag/G-PPy-modified electrode were examined through field-emission scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy.The Ag/G-PPy-modified electrode exhibited satisfactory current signals toward levosimendan concentrations ranging from 0.21 to 6.88 μM and exhibited a low detection limit (0.12 μM). Accordingly, the proposed electrode can serve as a simple and inexpensive electrochemical sensor for levosimendan detection.

Gold–graphitic carbon nitride composite electrode for pimobendan detection

“…The oxidation peaks were placed at approximately −0.40 and 0.40 V and were identified as the oxidative products of pimobendan (Figure 10c [a, b]) [17]. Additionally, a reduction peak was observed at 0.10 V that corresponded to the presence of pimobendan among the oxidative products [17].…”

“…3% Au/g‐C 3 N 4 composite had the highest oxidation peak current at approximately 0.4 V and reduction peak at 0.05 V, as shown in Figure 10a. The redox reaction mechanisms of the pimobendan sensing under the amide oxidation and amide oxide reduction reactions on the Au/g‐C 3 N 4 electrode are illustrated in Figure 14 [17–21]. The C 3 N 4 showed a flake‐like morphology of TEM images in Figures 3 and 4.…”

“…The high sensing circuit of the electrode was feasible (Figure 10a) because the Au nanoparticles on the surfaces of C 3 N 4 efficiently collected the pimobendan oxidation–induced electrons during the electrocatalytic reaction and transferred them to the C 3 N 4 composite and then to the surface of the GCE [18]. Two possible products of pimobendan (amide) oxidation on the Au catalyst are presented in Figure 14 [17, 19, 20].…”

Fabrication of Gold-Graphitic Carbon Nitride Composite Electrode for the Detection of Pimobendan

“…In Figure 11B, the oxidation peaks were placed at around -0.40 V and 0.40 V which were identified as the oxidative products from pimobendan in Figure 11B (a) and (b) [17]. And reduction peak was found at 0.10 V which was identified as the pimobendan from the oxidative products [17].…”

“…The 3 %Au/g-C3N4 composite had the highest oxidation peak current at approximately 0.4 V and reduction peak at 0.05 V in Figure 11A. The redox reaction mechanisms of the pimobendan sensing under the amide oxidation and amide oxide reduction reactions on the Au/g-C3N4 electrode are illustrated in Figure 14 [17][18][19][20][21]. The C3N4 showed a flake-like morphology of TEM images in Figure 3 and Figure 4.…”