Silver as a sensitizer for erbium

Strohhöfer, C.; Polman, A.

doi:10.1063/1.1499509

Cited by 181 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We discuss in Appendix B how more complicated level schemes than here can result in upconversion enhancement also for small particles. Further, centers such as pairs of silver atoms or ions are known to influence fluorescence via NRETs 40,41 and could also play a role in upconversion experiments.…”

Section: B Signal Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of metallic nanoparticles on upconversion processes

Esteban

Laroche

Greffet

2009

Journal of Applied Physics

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Influence of surface oxidation on plasmon resonance in monolayer of gold and silver nanoparticles J. Appl. Phys. 112, 103531 (2012) It is well known that Raman scattering and fluorescence can be enhanced by the presence of metallic nanoparticles. Here, we derive simple equations to analyze the influence of metallic nanoparticles on upconversion processes such as nonradiative energy transfer or excited state absorption. We compare the resulting expressions with the more familiar Raman and fluorescence cases and find significant differences. We use numerical simulations to calculate the upconverted signal enhancement achievable by means of metallic spheres of different radii and find particles of 100-400 nm radius at infrared frequencies to be favorable. We also discuss the considerable challenges involved in using metallic particles to enhance upconversion for solar energy.

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Section: B Signal Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of metallic nanoparticles on upconversion processes

Esteban

Laroche

Greffet

2009

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…One of the major limits to the application of rare earth doped glasses as optical amplifiers or solid-state lasers is related to the small absorption cross sections of rare-earth ions. To increase the Er 3+ pumping efficiency many solutions have been investigated, such as codoping with other rare earths like Yb [2] or by introducing broadband sensitizer species like organic complexes [3], Si nanocrystals [4][5][6] and metals [7,8]. However, the mechanism that controls the enhancement of the Er 3+ photoluminescence is still under debate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver-sensitized erbium-doped ion-exchanged sol–gel waveguides

et al. 2005

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“…For this purpose, Tick proposed that the particles size must be less than 15 nm with a narrow distribution size and high density [2]. There are reports on thin films containing semiconductor and metal nanoparticles acting as sensitizers, absorbing the incident light with a high crosssection and exciting erbium co-doped ions in the nanoparticle vicinity through energy transfer [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Here we propose for the first time to incorporate Er into oxide nanoparticles in optical fibers to improve the spectroscopic properties of erbium ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of CaO addition in the local order around Erbium in SiO2–GeO2–P2O5 fiber preforms

d’Acapito¹,

Maurizio²,

Paul³

et al. 2008

Materials Science and Engineering: B

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The development of materials for optical signal processing represents a major issue in present technology. In this contribution we present a study on Er-doped fiber preforms where particular attention is devoted on how the addition of CaO in the glass modifies the local environment of the rare earth. The results from photoluminescence and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) are compared and a clear link between the width of the emission line at 1.5 µm and the amorphous/crystalline local structure around the Er3+ ion is evidenced.Keywords: Optic fibers; EXAFS; Erbium; Nanoparticles 1. Introduction Knowledge of the environment of rare earth ions in glasses is essential for the understanding of the spectral properties of these glasses and the design of new glass compositions for photonics applications. Among the rare earths, erbium is especially interesting because the 4I13/2 − 4I15/2 transition at ≈1.54 µm coincides with the lowest attenuation window of silica glass fiber; hence, erbium doped glasses can be used to amplify attenuated signals in optical fiber telecommunication systems. While Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) was developed 20 years ago, extensive studies are still carried out to improve its properties. In particular, linear dimensions should be reduced although the severe limitations imposed by the poor rare earth solubility into silica matrix. Moreover, spectral bandwidth should be increased to improve the Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) applications. To solve these problems, various approaches have been proposed namely Er-Tm co-doping [1] or Er incorporation in nanoparticles (NP). However, to be compatible with optical waveguide applications, Rayleigh scattering must be kept at a minimum. For this purpose, Tick proposed that the particles size must be less than 15 nm with a narrow distribution size and high density [2]. There are reports on thin films containing semiconductor and metal nanoparticles acting as sensitizers, absorbing the incident light with a high crosssection and exciting erbium co-doped ions in the nanoparticle vicinity through energy transfer [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Here we propose for the first time to incorporate Er into oxide nanoparticles in optical fibers to improve the spectroscopic properties of erbium ions. To our knowledge only few studies on nano-structured silica fibers were dedicated to metal ions properties [9]. In our samples, oxide nano-structures are prepared by adjusting the composition of usual modifiers in the core of the fiber. A glass with an immiscibility gap is obtained and two phases are then formed with high and low silica content. The nanoparticles are preserved when the perform is drawn into a fiber. An effective method to study the incorporation of Er in a matrix is by Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) [10] as this technique provides quantitative information on the geometry and chemical composition of the environment of the element under study. The Er site has been successfully studied by this technique in a var...

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Silver as a sensitizer for erbium

Cited by 181 publications

References 8 publications

Influence of metallic nanoparticles on upconversion processes

Influence of metallic nanoparticles on upconversion processes

Silver-sensitized erbium-doped ion-exchanged sol–gel waveguides

Role of CaO addition in the local order around Erbium in SiO2–GeO2–P2O5 fiber preforms

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