Silk fibroin/chitosan–hyaluronic acid versus silk fibroin scaffolds for tissue engineering: promoting cell proliferations in vitro

Abstract

The feasibility of silk fibroin protein (SF) scaffolds for tissue engineering applications to promote cell proliferation has been demonstrated, as well as the ability to mimic natural extra-cellular matrix (ECM), SF/chitosan (CS), a polysaccharide, scaffolds for tissue engineering. However, the response of cells to SF/CS-hyaluronic acid (SF/CS-HA) scaffolds has not been examined, which this study attempts to do and then compares those results with those of SF scaffolds. SF/CS-HA microparticles were fabricated to produce scaffolds in order to examine the proliferations of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) in the scaffolds. Positive zeta potentials and ATR-FTIR spectra confirmed the co-existence of SF and CS-HA in SF/CS-HA microparticles. HDF proliferated well and migrated into SF/CS-HA scaffolds for around 160 mum in depth, as well as those in SF scaffolds after 7 days of cultivation, as observed using confocal microscopy. Interestingly, HDF grown in SF/CS-HA scaffolds had a markedly higher cell density than that in SF ones. Additionally, MTT assay revealed that the growth rates of HDF in SF/CS-HA scaffolds significantly exceeded (P < 0.01, n = 5) those in scaffolds of SF and SF/CS. The daily glucose consumptions and lactate formations, metabolic parameters, of HDF grown in SF/CS-HA and SF/CS scaffolds were significantly higher (P < 0.01, n = 3) than those in SF ones in most culturing days. Results of this study suggest that SF/CS-HA scaffolds have better cell responses for tissue engineering applications than SF ones.

Tailoring chitosan/collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering: Effect of composition and different crosslinking agents on scaffold properties

“…In spite of the expected good cytocompatibility of scaffolds based on Chit/Col combination, the evaluation of cell viability is necessary to assess scaffoldís potential for TE applications. Therefore, MTT assay was performed to pre-evaluate the proliferation rate of cells since this method has been extensively used for this purpose and reveals the extent of cellular metabolism and viability of the cells (Chung & Chang, 2010;Jin, Chen, Karageorgiou, Altman, & Kaplan, 2004). Additionally, MCF-7 line has been also commonly selected to test the compatibility of different types of natural polymers with biomedical applications (Chen et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2010b).…”

Promoting regeneration of peripheral nerves in-vivo using new PCL-NGF/Tirofiban nerve conduits

“…Surface morphologies of the PCL scaffold were observed by a field emission scanning electron microscope (Hitachi S4700, Japan) by standard procedures. The porosity of a scaffold was determined using liquid displacement [22]. Briefly, nitrogen was used as the displacement liquid as it permeates through PCL scaffolds without swelling or shrinking the matrix.…”

“…According to an early study, the porosity of a scaffold was determined by the following equation : e (%) ¼ (V T À (W/q))/V T ; where e%, W, V T and q refer to the porosity, the weight and total volume of the scaffold, and the material density of the scaffolds, respectively. Detailed procedures can be referred elsewhere [22].…”

“…For the observation, those scaffolds were gently washed with PBS, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 30 min, and the nuclei of cells were stained by addition of 1 mg/ml of DAPI-staining solution. The images of microscope (Nikon NE-100, Japan) or a laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM) (Zeiss Inverted LSM410, Zeiss Optical Company, Germany) of samples were taken and cell nuclei of cells were counted [22].…”

Tissue engineering is a promising method for the repair of spinal cord injuries (Review)

“…Furthermore, SF has excellent mechanical properties, good compatibility and induces only a slight inflammation reaction in vivo . SF has been used as a scaffold for the treatment of SCI in certain experiments, but the disadvantage of this material is that when it is dry it is particularly brittle and difficult to handle (53). Therefore, in order to overcome this shortcoming, another polymer, chitosan, is added to the SF formulation.…”