Silk-Based Biomaterials for Designing Bioinspired Microarchitecture for Various Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Biomaterial research has led to revolutionary healthcare advances. Natural biological macromolecules can impact high-performance, multipurpose materials. This has prompted the quest for affordable healthcare solutions, with a focus on renewable biomaterials with a wide variety of applications and ecologically friendly techniques. Imitating their chemical compositions and hierarchical structures, bioinspired based materials have elevated rapidly over the past few decades. Bio-inspired strategies entail extracting fundamental components and reassembling them into programmable biomaterials. This method may improve its processability and modifiability, allowing it to meet the biological application criteria. Silk is a desirable biosourced raw material due to its high mechanical properties, flexibility, bioactive component sequestration, controlled biodegradability, remarkable biocompatibility, and inexpensiveness. Silk regulates temporo-spatial, biochemical and biophysical reactions. Extracellular biophysical factors regulate cellular destiny dynamically. This review examines the bioinspired structural and functional properties of silk material based scaffolds. We explored silk types, chemical composition, architecture, mechanical properties, topography, and 3D geometry to unlock the body’s innate regenerative potential, keeping in mind the novel biophysical properties of silk in film, fiber, and other potential forms, coupled with facile chemical changes, and its ability to match functional requirements for specific tissues.

Biomaterial Drug Delivery Systems for Prominent Ocular Diseases

“…For instance, silk-like hydrogels were previously discussed for the treatment of glaucoma. Ongoing research has shown that silk may also be used to construct porous scaffolds, films, and nanofibers to increase drug retention time [ 176 ]. Developments in this area hint that the next generation of biomaterials for ocular drug delivery will be renewable and more eco-friendly.…”

Decellularization Techniques for Tissue Engineering: Towards Replicating Native Extracellular Matrix Architecture in Liver Regeneration

“…Electrospinning is a prevalent technique to produce micro-or nanofibers with precisely controlled diameters and a high surface-to-volume ratio, mimicking the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in native tissues [150][151][152]. The fabrication of electrospun fibrous scaffolds using decellularized extracellular matrices blended with polymers reportedly produced design-driven constructs that are capable of retaining tissue-specific phenotypes, enhancing the proliferation and differentiation of seeded cells [153].…”

A Brief Review on Cerium Oxide (CeO2NPs)-Based Scaffolds: Recent Advances in Wound Healing Applications

“…Due to their biomimetic properties, polymeric materials are also utilized as tissue regeneration scaffolds. Polymers can serve as matrices for encapsulating several nanoparticles, medications, and other substances, and as simple support structures [40,54]. Therefore, integrating CeO 2 NPs with other polymeric materials or nanofibers can broaden its application to wound healing by allowing for longer drug release at the wound site and accelerating the wound healing process, improving overall efficiency.…”