A Brief Review on Cerium Oxide (CeO2NPs)-Based Scaffolds: Recent Advances in Wound Healing Applications

Abstract

The process of wound healing is complex and involves the interaction of multiple cells, each with a distinct role in the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases. Chronic, nonhealing wounds may result from reduced fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, and cellular immunity, often associated with diabetes, hypertension, vascular deficits, immunological inadequacies, and chronic renal disease. Various strategies and methodologies have been explored to develop nanomaterials for wound-healing treatment. Several nanoparticles such as gold, silver, cerium oxide and zinc possess antibacterial properties, stability, and a high surface area that promotes efficient wound healing. In this review article, we investigate the effectiveness of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) in wound healing—particularly the effects of reducing inflammation, enhancing hemostasis and proliferation, and scavenging reactive oxygen species. The mechanism enables CeO2NPs to reduce inflammation, modulate the immunological system, and promote angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. In addition, we investigate the efficacy of cerium oxide-based scaffolds in various wound-healing applications for creating a favorable wound-healing environment. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative characteristics, enabling them to be ideal wound healing material. Investigations have shown that CeO2NPs can stimulate wound closure, tissue regeneration, and scar reduction. CeO2NPs may also reduce bacterial infections and boost wound-site immunity. However, additional study is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of CeO2NPs in wound healing and their long-term impacts on human health and the environment. The review reveals that CeO2NPs have promising wound-healing properties, but further study is needed to understand their mechanisms of action and ensure their safety and efficacy.

Development of Composite Sponge Scaffolds Based on Carrageenan (CRG) and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) for Hemostatic Applications

“…This is a result of its exceptional hydrophilicity, superior biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, biodegradability, and capacity to sustain nanomaterial release [ 65 , 66 ]. In terms of wound healing applications, CeO 2 NPs show great promise, as they are capable of effective wound closure, tissue regeneration, and scar reduction [ 26 ]. Incorporating NPs into hydrogels holds significant potential for use as versatile wound dressings, offering a wide range of application opportunities [ 67 ].…”

“…Nanomaterials possess exceptional capabilities in terms of killing bacteria, compatibility with biological systems, and the ability to promote blood clotting [ 25 ]. Currently, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO 2 NPs) are considered highly promising for wound healing applications due to their exceptional properties as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, antibacterial agents, and stimulators of angiogenesis [ 26 ]. Their incorporation into different types of wound dressing, such as films, hydrogels, electrospun mats, sponges, and foams, could be considered an effective way of enhancing the antibacterial effect and controlling infection [ 27 ].…”

Translational Challenges in Drug Therapy and Delivery Systems for Treating Chronic Lower Extremity Wounds

“…Off-label use of DXF, an iron chelator that is thought to be a ROS scavenger, has been shown to promote HIF-1α stabilization and improve wound healing [10,11]. Other antioxidant drugs, such as edaravone, captopril, and cerium dioxide have also demonstrated accelerated wound healing in several animal models [52][53][54]. Edavarone and captopril are market-approved as a ROS scavenger for cerebral ischemia and hypertension, respectively; however, their dose-dependent therapeutic role in wound healing has yet to be translated to human studies [52,53].…”

Editorial for the Special Issue on Biomaterials, Biodevices and Tissue Engineering

“…Allu et al [12] delves into the recent advancements in utilizing cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO 2 NPs) for wound-healing applications, addressing the complex process of wound healing and the challenges associated with chronic, nonhealing wounds. With a focus on the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases of wound healing, the authors explore the potential of CeO 2 NPs in reducing inflammation, enhancing hemostasis and proliferation, and scavenging reactive oxygen species.…”

“…However, the authors acknowledge the need for further research to fully understand the safety, efficacy, and long-term impacts of CeO 2 NPs on human health and the environment. Overall, the review highlights the promising potential of CeO 2 NPs in wound healing but also emphasizes the importance of continued investigation to optimize their use and ensure their safety [12].…”