Silicone and Pyrocarbon Artificial Finger Joints

Abstract

Artificial finger joint design has been developed through different stages through the past. PIP (proximal interphalangeal) and MCP (metacarpophalangeal) artificial finger joints have come to replace the amputation and arthrodesis options; although, these artificial joints are still facing challenges related to reactive tissues, reduced range of motion, and flexion and extension deficits. Swanson silicone artificial finger joints are still common due to the physician’s preferability of silicone with the dorsal approach during operation. Nevertheless, other artificial finger joints such as the pyrocarbon implant arthroplasty have also drawn the interests of practitioners. Artificial finger joint has been classified under three major categories which are constrained, unconstrained, and linked design. There are also challenges such as concerns of infections and articular cartilage necrosis associated with attempted retention of vascularity. In addition, one of the main challenges facing the silicone artificial finger joints is the fracture occurring at the distal stem with the hinge. The aim of this paper is to review the different artificial finger joints in one paper as there are few old review papers about them. Further studies need to be done to develop the design and materials of the pyrocarbon and silicone implants to increase the range of motion associated with them and the fatigue life of the silicone implants.

Biomechanical comparative finite element analysis between a conventional proximal interphalangeal joint flexible hinge implant and a novel implant design using a rolling contact joint mechanism

“…Thus, the plane exhibited large stress without maximum strain. This plane matched the position where the stem is inserted in the medullary canal, a similar constraint restricting deformation occurs, and implant failure occurs [ 30 – 32 ]. However, the precise contact model between the stem and the medullary canal was excluded in the present FE analysis.…”

Chemical Compositions and Analysis of Biocompatible Material(s), Technological Advancement and Stance

“…(1.a) silicone finger implant with metal grommets [31] (1.b) components of pacemaker [32] Table 5. Disadvantages of Using Biomaterials [1] (…”

Development of novel hybrid 3D-printed degradable artificial joints incorporating electrospun pharmaceutical- and growth factor-loaded nanofibers for small joint reconstruction

“…To date, silicone remains the mainstay of arti cial nger joint replacements [6][7][8], although other materials such as pyrolytic carbon metal joints [9,10] have also been used. Swanson silastic nger joints have been used since the 1960s, especially in patients with rheumatoid or degenerative arthritis, with good short-term results.…”