Silicon nanowires for rechargeable lithium-ion battery anodes

Peng, Kui‐Qing; Jie, Jiansheng; Zhang, Wenjun; Lee, Shuit‐Tong

doi:10.1063/1.2929373

Cited by 415 publications

(308 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Fracture of the electrode leads to loss of active material and creates more surface area for solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth, both of which significantly contribute to the fading of the capacity of the system [2][3][4][5]. Fortunately, this mechanical damage can be mitigated by nanostructuring the silicon anodes, as has been successfully demonstrated in nanowires [6,7], thin films [8][9][10][11][12], nanoporous structures [13,14], and hollow nanoparticles [15,16]. Specifically, recent experiments and theories indicate that one can prevent fracture by taking advantage of lithiation-induced plasticity [11,[17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Variation of stress with charging rate due to strain-rate sensitivity of silicon electrodes of Li-ion batteries

Pharr

Suo

Vlassak

2014

Journal of Power Sources

102

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Silicon is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its enormous theoretical energy density. Fracture during electrochemical cycling has limited the practical viability of silicon electrodes, but recent studies indicate that fracture can be prevented by taking advantage of lithiation-induced plasticity. In this paper, we provide experimental insight into the nature of plasticity in amorphous Li x Si thin films. To do so, we vary the rate of lithiation of amorphous silicon thin films and simultaneously measure stresses. An increase in the rate of lithiation results in a corresponding increase in the flow stress. These observations indicate that rate-sensitive plasticity occurs in a-Li x Si electrodes at room temperature and at charging rates typically used in lithium-ion batteries. Using a simple mechanical model, we extract material parameters from our experiments, finding a good fit to a power law relationship between the plastic strain rate and the stress. These observations provide insight into the unusual ability of a-Li x Si to flow plastically, but fracture in a brittle manner. Moreover, the results have direct ramifications concerning the rate-capabilities of silicon electrodes: faster charging rates (i.e., strain rates) result in larger stresses and hence larger driving forces for fracture.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Variation of stress with charging rate due to strain-rate sensitivity of silicon electrodes of Li-ion batteries

Pharr

Suo

Vlassak

2014

Journal of Power Sources

102

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“…Capacity fading following structural transformation and increasing impedance may account for such losses [12,25]. Further examples of Si NW electrodes include those grown by reactive ion etching [20] or metal-assisted etching, which displayed both high surface roughness and high conductivity [26], and by a plasma-enhanced CVD method which displayed a high level of interconnection, maintaining good contact with the current collector with ~100% capacity retention at a C/2 rate [27].…”

Section: Siliconmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the performance of nanostructured materials as lithium-ion battery electrodes

et al. 2013

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Access to the full text of the published version may require a subscription. Rights © Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin ABSTRACTThe performance of the lithium-ion cell is heavily dependent on the ability of the host electrodes to accommodate and release Li + ions from the local structure. While the choice of electrode materials may define parameters such as cell potential and capacity, the process of intercalation may be physically limited by the rate of solid-state Li + diffusion. Increased diffusion rates in lithium-ion electrodes may be achieved through a reduction in the diffusion path, accomplished by a scaling of the respective electrode dimensions.In addition, some electrodes may undergo large volume changes associated with charging and discharging, the strain of which, may be better accommodated through nanostructuring. Failure of the host to accommodate such volume changes may lead to pulverisation of the local structure and a rapid loss of capacity. In this review article, we seek to highlight a number of significant gains in the development of nanostructured lithium-ion battery architectures (both anode and cathode), as drivers of potential next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices.

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“…288,300 Recent progress on nanostructured silicon electrode is a good example. [300][301][302][303][304][305][306][307][308] The low cycling stability of bulk silicon has limited the commercial use of silicon in lithium cells, although the theoretical capacity of fully lithiated silicon alloy Li 4.4 Si is 4212 mA h g…”

Section: Selected Recent Progressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials for renewable energy production and storage

et al. 2012

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Over the past decades, there have been many projections on the future depletion of the fossil fuel reserves on earth as well as the rapid increase in green-house gas emissions. There is clearly an urgent need for the development of renewable energy technologies. On a different frontier, growth and manipulation of materials on the nanometer scale have progressed at a fast pace. Selected recent and significant advances in the development of nanomaterials for renewable energy applications are reviewed here, and special emphases are given to the studies of solar-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production, electricity generation with dye-sensitized solar cells, solidstate hydrogen storage, and electric energy storage with lithium ion rechargeable batteries.

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Silicon nanowires for rechargeable lithium-ion battery anodes

Cited by 415 publications

References 22 publications

Variation of stress with charging rate due to strain-rate sensitivity of silicon electrodes of Li-ion batteries

Variation of stress with charging rate due to strain-rate sensitivity of silicon electrodes of Li-ion batteries

Evaluating the performance of nanostructured materials as lithium-ion battery electrodes

Nanomaterials for renewable energy production and storage

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