“…At first, they were washed in the ammonia-peroxide solution (NH 4 OH (27%) : H 2 O 2 (30%) : H 2 O [1 : 1 : 3], boiling for 10 min), then rinsed in deionized water, boiled in high-purity isopropyl alcohol ([C 3 H 7 OH] > 99.8 wt%, T ≈ 70°C), and dried in the isopropyl alcohol vapor (for 10 min) and the clean air. Additionally, before moving into the MBE chamber, the substrates were annealed at 600°C at the residual gas pressure of less than 5 × 10 −9 Torr in the preliminary annealing chamber for 6 hours [1,2,23,27].…”